PRE-Mediated Bypass of Two Su(Hw) Insulators Targets PcG Proteins to a Downstream Promoter

Comet, Itys; Savitskaya, Ekaterina; Schuettengruber, Bernd; Nègre, Nicolas; Lavrov, Sergey; Parshikov, Alexander; Juge, François; Gracheva, Elena; Georgiev, Pavel; Cavalli, Giacomo

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.05.009

Cited by 79 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1A) (Kassis, 1994). This fragment of DNA is within a 3.2 kb region that is bound strongly in embryos and adults by the PcG proteins Polyhomeotic (Ph) and Pc as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments on a genomic tiling microarray (Négre et al, 2006;Comet et al, 2006). Here, we have divided this 2 kb fragment into two pieces: PSE1 (extending from -2.4 kb to -576 bp) and PSE2 (extending from -576 to -395 bp).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…en is regulated by PcG-and Trx-group genes in both embryos and larvae (Moazed and O'Farrell, 1992;McKeon et al, 1994;Breen et al, 1995). We have been studying a multipartite PRE near the en transcription start site (from -2.4 kb to -395 bp) that is bound by PcG proteins in tissue culture cells, embryos and adults (Strutt and Paro, 1997;Négre et al, 2006;Schwartz et al, 2006;Comet et al, 2006). We previously studied its mini-white silencing activity and ability to act as a PRE in an Ubxbxd-reporter construct (Kassis et al, 1991;Kassis, 1994;Americo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of Polycomb-group response elements in regulation ofengrailedtranscription inDrosophila

et al. 2008

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Polycomb group proteins are required for long-term repression of many genes in Drosophila and all metazoans. In Drosophila, DNA fragments called Polycomb-group response elements (PREs) have been identified that mediate the action of Polycomb-group proteins. Previous studies have shown that a 2 kb fragment located from -2.4 kb to -395 bp upstream of the Drosophila engrailed promoter contains a multipartite PRE that can mediate mini-white silencing and act as a PRE in an Ubx-reporter construct. Here, we study the role of this 2 kb fragment in the regulation of the engrailed gene itself. Our results show that within this 2 kb fragment, there are two subfragments that can act as PREs in embryos. In addition to their role in gene silencing, these two adjacent PRE fragments can facilitate the activation of the engrailed promoter by distant enhancers. The repressive action of the engrailed PRE can also act over a distance. A 181 bp subfragment can act as a PRE and also mediate positive effects in an enhancer-detector construct. Finally, a deletion of 530 bp of the 2 kb PRE fragment within the endogenous engrailed gene causes a loss-of-function phenotype, showing the importance of the positive regulatory effects of this PRE-containing fragment. Our data are consistent with the model that engrailed PREs bring chromatin together, allowing both positive and negative regulatory interactions between distantly located DNA fragments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Polycomb-group response elements in regulation ofengrailedtranscription inDrosophila

et al. 2008

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“…For quantitative ChIP, following immunoprecipitation and DNA purification, enrichment for specific DNA fragments was analyzed by real-time PCR, using the Roche Light Cycler instrument and accessories as described in Negre et al [45]. [46].…”

Section: Chromatin Immunoprecipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of dRYBP induce apoptosis in Drosophila imaginal cells through the activation of reaper and the requirement of trithorax, dredd and dFADD

González

Busturia

2009

Cell Res

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Drosophila RYBP (dRYBP; Ring1 and YY1 Binding Protein) is a Polycomb and trithorax interacting protein, whose homologous RYBP/DEDAF mammalian counterparts exhibit tumor cell-specific killing activity. Here we show that although endogenous dRYBP is not involved in developmental apoptosis, high levels of exogenous dRYBP induce apoptosis in all the imaginal discs of the fly, indicating that dRYBP apoptotic activity is not specific to tumor cells. We also show that dRYBP-induced apoptosis is inhibited by high levels of either p35 or DIAP1 (Drosophila Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1), and requires the function of the pro-apoptotic REAPER, HID and GRIM proteins, the apical caspase DREDD, the adaptor dFADD protein as well as TRITHORAX (TRX), an epigenetic transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of TRX also induces apoptosis in the imaginal discs. Finally, we show that the expression of reaper-lacZ is upregulated both upon dRYBP-induced apoptosis and upon TRXinduced apoptosis in imaginal discs and that the reaper gene is a direct target of dRYBP in Drosophila embryos. Our results indicate that dRYBP triggers in a receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway that also includes TRX-dependent epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

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“…Insulators are characterized by two properties. First, they operate in a position-dependent manner, preventing the functioning of enhancers and silencers when inserted between these regulatory elements and a promoter but not when located upstream or downstream from them (Gyurkovics et al 1990;Holdridge and Dorsett 1991;Geyer and Corces 1992;Kellum and Schedl 1992;Sigrist and Pirrotta 1997;Mallin et al 1998;Comet et al 2006). However, insulators do not inactivate enhancers, silencers, or promoters, which indicates that they interfere with signaling between these classes of control elements (Geyer and Corces 1992;Cai and Levine 1995;Scott and Geyer 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Properties of Drosophila Fab-7 Insulator

Rodin

Kyrchanova²,

Pomerantseva

et al. 2007

Genetics

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In the Abd-B 39 cis-regulatory region, which is subdivided into a series of iab domains, boundary elements have previously been detected, including the Fab-7 element providing for the autonomous functioning of the iab-6 and iab-7 cis-regulatory domains. Here, it has been shown that a single copy of the 860-bp Fab-7 insulator effectively blocks the yellow and white enhancers. The eye and testis enhancers can stimulate the white promoter across the pair of Fab-7, which is indicative of a functional interaction between the insulators. Unexpectedly, Fab-7 has proved to lose the enhancer-blocking activity when placed near the white promoter. It seems likely that Fab-7 strengthens the relatively weak white promoter, which leads to the efficient enhancer-promoter interaction and insulator bypass.

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PRE-Mediated Bypass of Two Su(Hw) Insulators Targets PcG Proteins to a Downstream Promoter

Cited by 79 publications

References 37 publications

The role of Polycomb-group response elements in regulation ofengrailedtranscription inDrosophila

The role of Polycomb-group response elements in regulation ofengrailedtranscription inDrosophila

High levels of dRYBP induce apoptosis in Drosophila imaginal cells through the activation of reaper and the requirement of trithorax, dredd and dFADD

New Properties of Drosophila Fab-7 Insulator

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