Pre-neuromusculoskeletal injury Risk factor Evaluation and Post-neuromusculoskeletal injury Assessment for Return-to-duty/activity Enhancement (PREPARE) in military service members: a prospective, observational study protocol

Butowicz, Courtney M.; Hendershot, Brad D.; Watson, Nora; Brooks, Daniel I.; Goss, Donald; Whitehurst, Robert A; Harvey, Alisha D; Helton, Matthew S; Kardouni, Joseph R.; Garber, Matthew B.; Mauntel, Timothy C.

doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03832-7

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Military organizations comprehend an initial course for recruits, which performs a period of military adaptation, to engage soldiers’ careers [ 5 , 6 ]. Within this context, physical performance is necessary for conducting military operations in specific environments [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 34 Weeks of Military Service on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Military Cadets of Angola

Coge,

Neiva,

Pereira

et al. 2024

JFMK

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Military personnel need physical fitness to effectively carry out operational military activities within their specific field of operation. This research investigates the effects of a 34-week training program on Angolan cadets’ body composition, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Seventy-four volunteer recruits, aged 18 to 26 years, were monitored during their eight-month military service, following an exercise program protocol comprising 12 weeks of strength training followed by 24 weeks of endurance training. Anthropometric variables, including body mass, body mass index, and fat mass, were assessed, along with cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sprint performance, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, push-ups, and curl-ups. The physical training protocol encompassed running sessions, strength exercises, agility drills, and flexibility exercises. The initial assessment revealed gender differences in various parameters such as body mass, body fat percentage, VO2max, sprinting, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, and push-ups. Following the training program, changes were observed in all variables (effect size between 0.48 and 2.33, p < 0.01) for the participants. Significant interactions (sex × time) were found in body mass (F = 5.18, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.06), body fat percentage (F = 5.31, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.14), and medicine ball throw (F = 10.84, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.13). Specifically, males exhibited a greater reduction in body mass (females: 2.70%, males: 3.47%, p < 0.05) and a substantial improvement in ball throwing performance (females: 7.74%, males: 11.47%, p < 0.01), while females experienced a greater reduction in fat mass (females: 5.34%, males: 3.15%, p < 0.01). The physical training regimen effectively influenced body composition, particularly in enhancing strength performance among males. The integration of exercise programs with military service led to a notable reduction in fat tissue and an increase in lean tissue. Hence, the development of tailored training protocols is imperative to enhance the physical capacity and overall health of military recruits, considering sex-specific characteristics and physical attributes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 34 Weeks of Military Service on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Military Cadets of Angola

Coge,

Neiva,

Pereira

et al. 2024

JFMK

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Neuromuscular Strength and Power Predict Musculoskeletal Injury and Attrition During Marine Corps Recruit Training

Lovalekar,

Keenan,

Peterson

et al. 2024

Military Medicine

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Introduction Elevated rates of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) and attrition are documented in military recruit training. By identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors, the rate of successful training completion and military readiness can be enhanced. Despite their impact, the causes of MSIs and attrition among U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) recruits remain underexplored. This study investigates demographic, psychological, and physiological predictors of MSIs and attrition among USMC recruits. Materials and Methods In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated USMC recruits at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island and San Diego. Recruits were briefed and invited to volunteer. All recruits who were medically cleared to participate in recruit training were eligible to participate in the study. We gathered baseline data on potential predictors at the start of training, with follow-up data on MSIs and attrition collected post-training. Analyzed predictors encompassed dynamic and static strength measures from countermovement jumps, isometric mid-thigh pulls; and participant surveys. We employed multiple logistic regression to discern risk factors for MSI and attrition. Results Our study comprised 584 USMC recruits (183 female recruits, 19.49 ± 1.88 years, 160.10 ± 7.17 cm, 61.19 ± 8.05 kg; 401 males, 18.94 ± 1.92 years, 172.97 ± 7.26 cm, 73.86 ± 11.04 kg). We observed 193 MSIs in 135 recruits, with 80.31% affecting the lower extremity (LE). Notably, lower relative peak power (odds ratio [OR] 0.91 [0.89, 0.94], P < .001) and shorter eccentric deceleration duration (OR 0.99 [0.99, 1.00], P = .005) were significant predictors of MSIs. Specifically, for LE MSIs, similar trends were noted for relative peak power and eccentric deceleration duration, with additional risks associated with lower body mass index (OR 0.93 [0.86, 0.99], P = .036) and previous LE MSIs (OR 2.25 [1.18, 4.27], P = .013). Attrition was more likely with a reduced eccentric deceleration impulse (OR 0.98 [0.97, 0.99], P < .001) and prolonged time to peak force (OR 1.36 [1.17, 1.59], P < .001) and cigarette use (OR 2.12 [1.01, 4.43], P = .046). Conclusions MSIs and attrition during USMC recruit training significantly undermine force readiness and escalate costs. Our research has pinpointed several modifiable risk factors, chiefly reduced muscular power and cigarette smoking. We advocate for neuromuscular training programs to bolster strength and power, integrated nutrition and exercise strategies for optimal body composition, and support for smoking cessation to alleviate the incidence of MSIs and curtail attrition. Initiating training with a gradual increase in activity intensity can provide a critical window to correct pre-existing neuromuscular imbalances and weaknesses, particularly those stemming from prior MSIs. Effectively addressing these risk factors is pivotal for diminishing the rates of MSIs and attrition among recruits, thereby enhancing overall military readiness and operational efficiency.

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An Efficient Fetal Health Prediction System Using Enhanced XGB Classifier Compared Over K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier with Less Complexity and Improved Accuracy

Reddy,

Priya

2023

2023 Intelligent Computing and Control for Engineering and Business Systems (ICCEBS)

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Pre-neuromusculoskeletal injury Risk factor Evaluation and Post-neuromusculoskeletal injury Assessment for Return-to-duty/activity Enhancement (PREPARE) in military service members: a prospective, observational study protocol

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of 34 Weeks of Military Service on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Military Cadets of Angola

Effects of 34 Weeks of Military Service on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Military Cadets of Angola

Neuromuscular Strength and Power Predict Musculoskeletal Injury and Attrition During Marine Corps Recruit Training

An Efficient Fetal Health Prediction System Using Enhanced XGB Classifier Compared Over K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier with Less Complexity and Improved Accuracy

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