Pre-operative subjective and objective voice assessment in patients with benign thyroid disorders

Isolated laryngeal tuberculosis complex infection: expect the unexpected

“…Laryngeal tuberculosis complex infection is a rare condition whose diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. Usually developing from advanced pulmonary TBC through bronchogenic, hematogenous, or lymphatic spread [ 2 ], in cases of unknown active pulmonary disease, it may simulate, both endoscopically and radiologically, a laryngeal malignancy. Although laryngeal TBC classically presents as diffuse whitish edema, ulcerated lesions or chondritis, recent literature shows an evolution in its clinical characteristics, with hypertrophic or exophytic lesions, therefore increasing the risk of misinterpretation and broadening the spectrum of potential differential diagnosis [ 3 ].…”

“…Its incidence is steadily increasing due to a rise in immunosuppressive diseases, HIV infection, migration flows and the emergence of antituberculous-resistant organisms [ 1 ]. Laryngeal tuberculosis complex infection is an infrequent extrapulmonary manifestation, accounting only for 1% of total TBC incidence [ 2 ]. A solitary laryngeal involvement is rare but possible: an exophytic or ulcerous lesion may mimic a carcinoma and should also be differentiated from other granulomatous disease of the upper airways.…”

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resides in Macrophages in Laryngeal Tuberculosis: A Case Report

“…Despite such an association, laryngeal examinations are not usually carried out in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, so the actual incidence of laryngeal tuberculosis is probably underestimated [6]. In fact, laryngeal tuberculosis is the most common granulomatous disease of the larynx [7]. It is highly contagious, and can present very Checkeddifferent aspects [8].…”