Pre-school children with suspected autism spectrum disorders: Do girls and boys have the same profiles?

Andersson, Gunilla Westman; Gillberg, Christopher; Miniscalco, Carmela

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.025

Cited by 90 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, we could not detect the gender differences on RRB in our sample. However, in line with the results of other reports, we found no differences in severity of autism symptoms between males and females either across time or at a specific time assessment (nor at T0 or at T1; Carter et al 2007;Banach et al 2009;Andersson et al 2013;Mayes and Calhoun 2011;Zwaigenbaum et al 2012;Mandy et al 2012;Szatmari et al 2012;Donna et al 2013). Furthermore, our results have shown no significant interaction between time and gender for predicting cognitive ability, parental stress, children's adaptive skills or behavior problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…On the one hand, most studies found no gender differences on social behaviors or communication nor on RRB (Carter et al 2007;Banach et al 2009;Andersson et al 2013;Hofvander et al 2009;Lugnegard et al 2011;Matson and Nebel-Schwalm 2007;Park et al 2012;Simonoff et al 2008;Lai et al 2011;Mayes and Calhoun 2011;Zwaigenbaum et al 2012;Mandy et al 2012). For instance, Andersson et al (2013), in a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating gender differences in clinical and developmental profiles in 20 preschool girls and 20 age-matched preschool boys with suspected ASD, found no significant differences on communication and RRB. On the other hand, some literature data have reported girls to be less impaired than boys with regard to RRB: this result does not suggest that females with ASD report no deficits in this area, but instead that females may not exhibit the same behavioral pattern of RRB as that presented by males, and it is possible therefore that RRB of females can be masked and less clinically identifiable (Van Wijngaarden-Cremers et al 2013;Szatmari et al 2012;Donna et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, the available findings on the differences in clinical profiles between males and females with ASD have J Autism Dev Disord (2015) 45:2046-2055 2049 Table 1 ADOS severity score, GMDS-ER and VABS-SF at T0 and T1 Autism Dev Disord (2015) 45:2046-20552051 shown contrasting results (Carter et al 2007;Banach et al 2009;Andersson et al 2013;Van Wijngaarden-Cremers et al 2013;Hofvander et al 2009;Lugnegard et al 2011;Matson and Nebel-Schwalm 2007;Park et al 2012;Simonoff et al 2008;Lai et al 2011;Mayes and Calhoun 2011;Zwaigenbaum et al 2012;Mandy et al 2012;Szatmari et al 2012;Donna et al 2013). On the one hand, most studies found no gender differences on social behaviors or communication nor on RRB (Carter et al 2007;Banach et al 2009;Andersson et al 2013;Hofvander et al 2009;Lugnegard et al 2011;Matson and Nebel-Schwalm 2007;Park et al 2012;Simonoff et al 2008;Lai et al 2011;Mayes and Calhoun 2011;Zwaigenbaum et al 2012;Mandy et al 2012). For instance, Andersson et al (2013), in a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating gender differences in clinical and developmental profiles in 20 preschool girls and 20 age-matched preschool boys with suspected ASD, found no significant differences on communication and RRB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies failed to find any differences in the core symptoms of ASD between males and females (Carter et al 2007;Banach et al 2009;Andersson et al 2013;Mayes and Calhoun 2011;Zwaigenbaum et al 2012;Mandy et al 2012;Szatmari et al 2012;Donna et al 2013). On the other hand, a meta-analysis of 20 studies investigating gender differences in ASD reported few differences in symptom severity between males and females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Longitudinal comparison between male and female preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

Postorino

Fatta

Peppo

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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Epidemiological studies have highlighted a strong male bias in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however few studies have examined gender differences in autism symptoms, and available findings are inconsistent. The aim of the present study is to investigate the longitudinal gender differences in developmental profiles of 30 female and 30 male age-matched preschool children with ASD. All the children underwent a comprehensive evaluation at T0 and at T1. Our results have shown no significant interaction between time and gender for predicting autism symptoms, developmental quotient, parental stress, children's adaptive skills and behavior problems. Shedding light on the developmental trajectories in ASD could help clinicians to recognize children with ASD at an earlier age and contribute to the development of appropriate treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Longitudinal comparison between male and female preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

Postorino

Fatta

Peppo

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The team consisted of at least one physician (pediatrician or child and adolescent psychiatrist), one child neuropsychologist, one special education teacher, and one speech and language pathologist. After completion of all the assessments detailed under Sections 3.2.1-3.2.5 below, the team made conjoint clinical diagnoses (Andersson, Gillberg, & Miniscalco, 2013). The diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), including those for PDD/ASD, ADHD and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), were used at all times.…”

Section: In-depth Diagnostic Assessments At the Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism in community pre-schoolers: Developmental profiles

Kantzer

Fernell

Gillberg

et al. 2013

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15‐year prospective study

et al. 2018

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Little is known about long‐term outcomes. We investigate the adaptive trajectories and their risk factors in ASD. Data were obtained from 281 children prospectively followed untill adulthood. The final sample consisted of 106 individuals. Vineland scores were collected at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. A group‐based method was used to identify homogeneous patterns of adaptive skills trajectories. Results show that among the children initially categorized as autistic, 82.6% remained over the ADOS diagnostic threshold, 11.9% converted to atypical autism, and 5.4% fell under the ADOS threshold. Most atypical autism diagnoses were unstable. Most (81.7%) autistic participants had an ID at inclusion. At T1, 59.3% were nonverbal, but only 39% at T4. Most changes occurred between 4 and 8 years of age. Approximately 25% of participants exhibited a “high” growth trajectory, in which progress continues throughout adolescence, and 75% a “low” growth trajectory, characterized by greater autistic symptoms, intellectual disability, and lower language abilities reflected by high CARS scores, low apparent DQ, and speech difficulties, which mostly, but not always, predicted low trajectories. Our findings suggest that the adaptive prognosis of autism is mostly poor in this cohort, biased toward intellectual disability. However, changes in diagnostic, speech, and adaptive status are not uncommon, even for indivduals with low measured intelligence or apparent intellectual disability, and are sometimes difficult to predict. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1455–1467. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Most autism diagnoses given before 5 years of age are stable to adulthood, but one‐fifth of individuals are no longer considered to be autistic, even in a cohort biased toward apparent intellectual disability. Conversely, atypical autism diagnoses are mostly unstable. One‐third of children who are nonverbal at 5 years are verbal within 15 years, mostly before 8 years of age. Concerning adaptive behavior outcomes, only one‐fourth of children exhibit a high‐growth trajectory through at least 15 years.

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Pre-school children with suspected autism spectrum disorders: Do girls and boys have the same profiles?

Cited by 90 publications

References 37 publications

Longitudinal comparison between male and female preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

Longitudinal comparison between male and female preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism in community pre-schoolers: Developmental profiles

Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15‐year prospective study

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