Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) and the Time Monitoring Behavior-10 scale (TMB-10) in good sleepers and patients with insomnia

Vochem, Juliana; Strobel, Christine; Maier, Lena Maria; Spiegelhalder, Kai; Hertenstein, Elisabeth; Riemann, Dieter; Feige, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.022

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Considering chronotype, our findings are consistent with the view of eveningness as a risk factor for sleep difficulties [ 15 , 41 , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] ], based on the novel observation of an association between cognitive pre-sleep arousal and eveningness during the lockdown. Furthermore, our results are in line with the existing data reporting a relationship between female gender and somatic pre-sleep arousal [ 90 , 91 ], confirming it for the first time during the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Chen and co-workers [ 90 ] found that women had greater somatic pre-sleep arousal than men in a group of patients with suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Vochem and coworkers [ 91 ] observed that women with insomnia exhibited a greater risk of somatic pre-sleep arousal. Taken together, these results suggest that during demanding periods like the pandemic, women's stress may also be expressed with somatic pre-sleep arousal more likely than men's one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

et al. 2021

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Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected daily habits and psychological wellbeing, and many studies point to large modifications in several sleep and sleep-related domains. Nevertheless, pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic has been substantially overlooked. Since hyperarousal represents one of the main factors for the development and the perpetuation of chronic insomnia disorder, the assessment of variables associated with high levels of pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic is clinically relevant. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of perceived sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal in an Italian sample during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods We used an online survey to collect self-reported sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related data. Our final sample included 761 participants. Results Beyond a high frequency of poor sleep quality, depressive and stress symptoms, our results show that almost half of the sample suffered from clinically relevant levels of at least one component (ie, cognitive, somatic) of pre-sleep arousal. Subjects with greater pre-sleep arousal exhibited poorer sleep quality. Also, sleep quality was strongly associated with somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal. Regarding the predictors of sleep and sleep-related measures, depressive and event-related stress symptoms were the main factors associated with both poor sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal components. Moreover, specific sociodemographic and environmental variables were uniquely related to sleep quality, cognitive or somatic pre-sleep arousal. Conclusions These findings suggest that the assessment of specific sleep-related factors (ie, pre-sleep arousal), together with more global measures of sleep quality, may be crucial to depict the complex impact of the pandemic on sleep, and to help prevent and counteract the spread of insomnia symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

et al. 2021

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“…For the PSAS-C, values > 16 (with a mean item-level response higher than “slightly”) have been suggested as high cognitive arousal and values ≤ 16 as low cognitive arousal ( Kalmbach et al. 2020 ) and increased values for insomnia patients ( Vochem et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress dynamically reduces sleep depth: temporal proximity to the stressor is crucial

2022

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The anticipation of a future stressor can increase worry and cognitive arousal and has a detrimental effect on sleep. Similarly, experiencing a stressful event directly before sleep increases physiological and cognitive arousal and impairs subsequent sleep. However, the effects of post- vs. pre-sleep stress on sleep and their temporal dynamics have never been directly compared. Here, we examined the effect of an anticipated psychosocial stressor on sleep and arousal in a 90-min daytime nap, in 33 healthy female participants compared to an anticipated within-subject relaxation task. We compared the results to an additional group (n = 34) performing the same tasks directly before sleep. Anticipating stress after sleep reduced slow-wave activity/beta power ratio, slow-wave sleep, sleep spindles, and slow-wave parameters, in particular during late sleep, without a concomitant increase in physiological arousal. In contrast, pre-sleep psychosocial stress deteriorated the same parameters during early sleep with a concomitant increase in physiological arousal. Our results show that presleep cognitions directly affect sleep in temporal proximity to the stressor. While physiological arousal mediates the effects of presleep stress on early sleep, we suggest that effects during late sleep originate from a repeated reactivation of mental concepts associated with the stressful event during sleep.

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“…To achieve the objectives, night workers, with and without SWD, were compared to day workers, with and without insomnia. Day workers are used as a control group as sleep, and psychosocial features between individuals with insomnia and those with good sleep are well documented [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The inclusion of day workers provides three advantages: (1) To avoid concluding that differences between night workers are because of the work schedule, while it can be due to the sleep disorder; (2) to identify what is psychosocially specific to SWD; and (3) to discuss whether results found are similar, less, or larger than the ones known for day workers.”…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Features of Shift Work Disorder

et al. 2021

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To better understand Shift Work Disorder (SWD), this study investigates insomnia, sleepiness, and psychosocial features of night workers. The study compares night workers with or without SWD to day workers with or without insomnia. Seventy-nine night workers and 40 day workers underwent diagnostic interviews for sleep disorders and for psychopathologies. They completed questionnaires and a sleep diary for 14 days. The design was observatory upon two factors: Work schedule (night, day work) and sleep (good sleep, SWD/insomnia). Two-way ANCOVAs were conducted on psychosocial variables, and effect size were calculated. The clinical approach chosen led to distinct groups of workers. Night workers slept several periods (main sleep period after work, naps, nights on days off). High total wake time and low total sleep time characterized sleep in SWD. Most night workers with SWD still complained of sleepiness after main sleep. Cognitive activation distinguished groups of night workers. All other differences in psychosocial variables between night workers groups were similar to, but smaller than, the ones between day workers. The evaluation of SWD should consider all sleep periods of night workers with particular attention to self-reported total wake time, state sleepiness, and level of cognitive activation.

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Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) and the Time Monitoring Behavior-10 scale (TMB-10) in good sleepers and patients with insomnia

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

Stress dynamically reduces sleep depth: temporal proximity to the stressor is crucial

Psychosocial Features of Shift Work Disorder

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