Pre-Surgical Use of Melatonin and Its Significance on Enhancing Prognosis Process in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Graft

Abstract

One treatment choice for patients with coronary artery disease is coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After CABG, a series of inflammatory processes occur which affect other organs of the body and even cause severe organ damage and subsequently a worse prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-surgically administered Melatonin (MTN) on interleukins 22 and 13 in patients undergoing CABG. In this clinical trial study, 22 patients were evaluated, 10 patients (45.5%) in the MTN group, and 12 patients in the placebo group. The MTN group received 10 mg/day of MTN and the placebo group received placebo 2 weeks before surgery. Serum interleukin 13 (IL-13) and interleukin 22 (IL-22) levels were measured two weeks before surgery (T1), on the day of surgery before induction (T2), 6 hrs. after removal of the pump by the cardiac surgeon (T3), and 2 days after surgery (T4). The mean level of IL-22 at all time points in T2, T3, and T4 was significantly lower in the MTN group (P <0.05). There was also a significant increase in IL-22 in both groups at T4 compared to T1. The levels of IL-13 were also decreased, however, in the MTN group, the difference was only significant at T2 compared to T1 for IL-13. The current study found that taking melatonin for two weeks before having CABG can help to minimize inflammation and inflammatory biomarkers including IL-22 and IL-13 after the procedure.