Pre-treatment of biomass with phosphoric acid prior to fast pyrolysis

Dobele, Gaļina; Dizhbite, Tatiana; Rossinskaja, G.; Телышева, Галина; Meier, Dietrich; Radtke, S.; Faix, O.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(03)00063-9

Cited by 167 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, impregnations of the other acids significantly changed the curves, and a part of them, H 3 PO 4 and H 2 SO 4 , showed catalysis leading to an increase in the yield of levoglucosenone. In fact, it has been known that the impregnation of H 3 PO 4 is effective for the levoglucosenone production [21,22], and the activity of H 2 SO 4 (or SO 4 2− ) has recently been reported by Sui et al [23]. The anions incorporated by the acid impregnation into cellulose induce the formation of high yields of char in return for the levoglucosenone formation.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonate Ionic Liquid as a Stable and Active Catalyst for Levoglucosenone Production from Saccharides via Catalytic Pyrolysis

et al. 2013

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Abstract:In this study, various types of ionic liquids (ILs) were examined for catalytic activity in the pyrolysis of cellulose for the production of levoglucosenone, which is a valuable and versatile compound for the synthesis of a variety of novel compounds. Cellulose was simply mixed with the ILs and subjected for the pyrolysis, typically at 300 °C, to produce volatile products, including levoglucosenone, separated from the ILs phase. The type of IL anion significantly affected the catalysis, and the use of ILs bearing sulfonate anion resulted in distinguished yields of levoglucosenone and IL recoveries for the reutilization. Detailed thermogravimetric analysis and discussion on properties of ILs revealed the active and thermally stable nature of the sulfonate ILs. Catalytic pyrolysis with those ILs was applied to the conversion of other saccharides composed of glucose molecules, resulting in a preferential formation of levoglucosenone but at low yields as compared to that from cellulose.

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Section: Pyrolysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonate Ionic Liquid as a Stable and Active Catalyst for Levoglucosenone Production from Saccharides via Catalytic Pyrolysis

et al. 2013

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“…It was reported that AAEM catalyze decomposition of lignin during pyrolysis. 34 Removing AAEM by acid washing and water rinsing would reduce the catalytic activity of AAEM on lignin and, therefore, should lower lignin conversion. However, the contradictory results from the reaction of AWWR switchgrass suggests that the influence of AAEM on lignin decomposition is likely less significant during solvent liquefaction.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals and the Role of Acid Pretreatments in Production of Sugars from Switchgrass Based on Solvent Liquefaction

Bai

Brown

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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This study investigated the influence of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) and the role of acid pretreatments in the production of sugars during solvent liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass using 1,4-dioxane and water as solvents. The present study found that removal of AAEM by acid washing/water rinsing did not enhance sugar production during solvent liquefaction of pretreated switchgrass nearly to the extent observed for fast pyrolysis nor did it inhibit lignin decomposition, suggesting that AAEM play less of a role in determining product yields in solvent liquefaction. On the other hand, acid infusion greatly enhanced the yields of sugars during solvent liquefaction, presumably because the strong acid catalytically promoted both the depolymerization and the dehydration of polysaccharides. The main monomeric sugars formed were levoglucosan, glucose, and xylose. Levoglucosan was the predominant sugar when 1,4-dioxane was the solvent, whereas glucose was the major sugar when water was the solvent. When 1,4-dioxane and water were cosolvents, partial hydrolysis of levoglucosan to glucose was observed. The maximum yield of the total sugars (19.8 wt %) from AI switchgrass occurred when 9:1 mixtures of 1,4-dioxane and water were used as cosolvents. In addition, the sugars were more stable in the 1,4-dioxane and water mixture compared to water alone. ABSTRACT: This study investigated the influence of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) and the role of acid pretreatments in the production of sugars during solvent liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass using 1,4-dioxane and water as solvents. The present study found that removal of AAEM by acid washing/water rinsing did not enhance sugar production during solvent liquefaction of pretreated switchgrass nearly to the extent observed for fast pyrolysis nor did it inhibit lignin decomposition, suggesting that AAEM play less of a role in determining product yields in solvent liquefaction. On the other hand, acid infusion greatly enhanced the yields of sugars during solvent liquefaction, presumably because the strong acid catalytically promoted both the depolymerization and the dehydration of polysaccharides. The main monomeric sugars formed were levoglucosan, glucose, and xylose. Levoglucosan was the predominant sugar when 1,4-dioxane was the solvent, whereas glucose was the major sugar when water was the solvent. When 1,4-dioxane and water were cosolvents, partial hydrolysis of levoglucosan to glucose was observed. The maximum yield of the total sugars (19.8 wt %) from AI switchgrass occurred when 9:1 mixtures of 1,4-dioxane and water were used as cosolvents. In addition, the sugars were more stable in the 1,4-dioxane and water mixture compared to water alone. Keywords

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“…Scott et al [20] demonstrated that 0.1 wt% HNO 3 at 30°C removed the majority of alkaline ions; however, the reaction removed hemicellulose and reduced the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose. Using a higher acid concentration of 2 wt% H 3 PO 4 at room temperature, Dobele et al [21] removed a large fraction of inorganics but most of the levoglucosan produced in subsequent pyrolysis was converted to levoglucosone, a less desirable intermediate product. Liu and Bi [11] compared the leaching results of hydrochloric, acetic, and nitric acids to remove inorganics from pine bark and removed 100, 98, 92, and 90 % of Na, Mg, K, and Ca, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulation and Cost Analysis for Removing Inorganics from Wood Chips Using Combined Mechanical and Chemical Preprocessing

Westover

Cherry

et al. 2016

Bioenerg. Res.

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Inorganic species (ash) in biomass feedstocks negatively impact thermochemical and biochemical energy conversion processes. In this work, a process simulation model is developed to model the reduction in ash content of loblolly logging residues using a combination of air classification and dilute-acid leaching. Various scenarios are considered, and it is found that costs associated with discarding high-ash material from air classification are substantial. The costs of material loss can be reduced by chemical leaching the high-ash fraction obtained from air classification. The optimal leaching condition is found to be approximately 0.1 wt% sulfuric acid at 24°C. In example scenarios, total process costs in the range of $6-9/dry tons of product are projected that result in a removal of 14, 62, 39, and 88 % of organics, total ash (inorganics), alkaline earth metals and phosphorus (AAEMS + P), and silicon, respectively. Sensitivity analyses indicate that costs associated with loss of organic material during processing (yield losses), brine disposal, and labor have the greatest potential to impact the total processing cost.

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Pre-treatment of biomass with phosphoric acid prior to fast pyrolysis

Cited by 167 publications

References 10 publications

Sulfonate Ionic Liquid as a Stable and Active Catalyst for Levoglucosenone Production from Saccharides via Catalytic Pyrolysis

Sulfonate Ionic Liquid as a Stable and Active Catalyst for Levoglucosenone Production from Saccharides via Catalytic Pyrolysis

The Influence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals and the Role of Acid Pretreatments in Production of Sugars from Switchgrass Based on Solvent Liquefaction

Process Simulation and Cost Analysis for Removing Inorganics from Wood Chips Using Combined Mechanical and Chemical Preprocessing

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