Preadult Competition between Drosophila Pavani and Drosophila Melanogaster, Drosophila Simulans, and Drosophila Willistoni

Budnik, Myriam; Brncic, Danko

doi:10.2307/1935157

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, the interference would be the most decisive factor. These last authors remember that in the laboratory, the larvae of D. pavani Brncic inhibit the growth of other species, particularly of D. willistoni, and that facilitates the development of its own larvae (Budnik & Brncic 1974 This fact illustrates the difficulty of understanding the complex patterns found in the assemblies of Neotropical insects, and it is a sign of the stability of species in the mature assemblies. As Tidon-Sklorz & Sene (1992) affirm, the complexity of the dynamics of the tropical assemblies is a result of the interventions in the populations by factors such as ambient variation, natural selection, genetic derivation and inbreeding at different times and in different spaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Drosophilidae (Diptera) communities on Atlantic Forest islands of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Toni¹,

Gottschalk²,

Cordeiro³

et al. 2007

Neotrop. entomol.

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A study of the community dynamics of Drosophilidae was carried out in six insular communities and two others on the mainland. Seasonal collections were carried out throughout two years in Santa Catarina State, southern of Brazil. The diversity index calculations show high values when compared with temperate climate communities. The sites on the mainland (Serra do Tabuleiro) presented the highest diversity, which was measured by the Diversity Index (H'). These sites are covered by primary Atlantic Forest and theoretically should have a higher variation of ecological niches. A dendogram showing the similarity between the communities, calculated by Morisita Index, points to a level of similarity equal to 60% for all communities. In this diagram, we can see two clades: one on the mainland and the other on the islands. The six island sites are grouped into one clade and separated into two subclades, one including the sites on Santa Catarina Island and the other consisting of the islands adjacent to this last and very much larger one. These groupings show the very important role of the spatial component on the prediction of the structure of the communities. This fact raises the discussion about the high complexity of the Atlantic Forest ecosystem and consequently the unpredictability of its fauna, highlighting the need of its conservation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Drosophilidae (Diptera) communities on Atlantic Forest islands of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Toni¹,

Gottschalk²,

Cordeiro³

et al. 2007

Neotrop. entomol.

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“…The biological basis of a conditioning of this type may be attributed, as Huang, Singh & Kojima (1971) have pointed out, either to the differential exploitation by distinct genotypes of several nutritional resources in the medium, or to the liberation by larvae of metabolic products with autotoxic effects. Recently, Brncic (1974 and have demonstrated, in several P < 0.01 NS = not significant, P/> 0.05 * = P < 0.05 ** = P < 0.01 species of Drosophila, an effect on viability of the metabolic products secreted by larvae. In the case of D. pavani, these authors found the secreted products to have an autotoxic effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and frequency-dependent selection on the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster

1979

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Larva-to-adult viability of tile progeny of four different crosses involving genotypes of the singed locus (SII+/Sll + X sn+/Y, sn+/sn + x snqr/y, snqr/snq r x sn+/Y and snqr/snqr x snqr/y) under optimum and high competition densities, has been studied. The fact that at high density the snqr/sn qr x sn+/Y and sn+/sn + x snqr/y crosses show the highest and lowest viabilities, respectively, suggested the possibility of some type of facilitation between wild-type and mutant phenotypes.This hypothesis was checked in an experiment similar to the previous one, but in which media conditioned either by wild-type larvae or by mutant larvae, were used. It was found that in each conditioning the cross that showed the lowest viability was the one that produced larvae of the same phenotype as the conditioning larvae.In order to check if a conditioning effect of this sort could form the basis for a frequency-dependent selection mechanism, an experiment of direct competition between wild-type and mutant larvae at different frequencies and at two densities, was carried out. At the higher density, the results showed that when the frequency of either of the two genotypes is low its viability increases. On the other hand, when the frequency of either of these genotypes is lfigh its viability decreases. These results suggest the existence of a frequency-dependent selection mechanism in whicli an inverse relationslfip between frequency and adaptive value is established. It also demonstrates tile important effect of density on frequency-dependent selection.

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“…Interference has also been investigated in Drosophila although usually in the context of the competition between different species. These experiments provide evidence which suggests that larval metabolic products might be responsible (in part) for determining the viability of individuals of the same or different species (Sang, 1949;Budnik and Brncic, 1974). Weisbrot (1966) concluded that such medium conditioning, whether by the same or different genotypes, could result either in an improvement or a reduction in viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Competitive interactions in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic variation for interference through media conditioning

Hemmat

Eggleston

1988

Heredity

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Interference, which is one of two aspects of the process of competition which take place in genetically heterogeneous mixtures has been studied in the Texas population of Drosophila melanogaster. Both survival and mean adult weight were investigated in the population itself (which displays high levels of aggression and little response) and in LA, a genotype derived from the population (which displays low aggression and high levels of response) in both homotypically and heterotypically conditioned media. The results presented here show that the competitive effects of conditioning depend not only on the concentration of the conditioned medium but also on the genotype of the larvae which conditioned the medium and that of the flies which respond to such media. It was also concluded that medium conditioning is one of a range of biological parameters involved in the determination of the aggression and response components of the competitive interaction among Drosophila larvae. Thus the competitive fitness of a genotype of D. melanogaster is related not only to genetic variation for aggression and response but also to genetic variation in the ability to condition media and the sensitivity to such media.

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Preadult Competition between Drosophila Pavani and Drosophila Melanogaster, Drosophila Simulans, and Drosophila Willistoni

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Study of the Drosophilidae (Diptera) communities on Atlantic Forest islands of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Study of the Drosophilidae (Diptera) communities on Atlantic Forest islands of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Density and frequency-dependent selection on the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster

Competitive interactions in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic variation for interference through media conditioning

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