Prebiotic Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Soluble Polysaccharides Obtained from Soybean Residue

Abstract

In the present study, we assessed the extraction of low molecular weight soluble polysaccharides (MESP) from soybean by-products using microwave-assisted enzymatic technology and proposed the chemical structure of MESP using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analysis. The results suggested that MESP mainly comprised arabinose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid with (1→4) glycosidic linkages in the backbone. Compared with inulin, MESP was found to selectively stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus probiotics. Moreover, the results of in vitro fermentation indicated that MESP significantly increased the concentrations of both acetate and butyrate (p < 0.05). MESP were treated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells to determine the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. It was observed that MESP inhibited nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 production. Furthermore, Western blotting results indicated that MESP significantly attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in macrophages. The underlying mechanism might involve inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, presumably via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Collectively, the results of our study paved way for the production of MESP, which may be potentially used as nutraceutical ingredients for prebiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, from soybean residue.

Polysaccharide Derived from Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Plumule Shows Potential Prebiotic Activity and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells

“…Monosaccharide composition of the sample was analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (6890/5973N-GC/MSD, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), according to our previous paper [ 24 ]. Briefly, 10 mg of NNP-2 was dissolved in 10 mL of 3 M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hydrolyzed at 100 °C for 3 h. The trimethylsilylated derivatives were cooled in an ice bath.…”

Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharide Isolated From Red Algae (Gelidium crinale) and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophage Cells

“… Wang et al (2020) reported that SNPS inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, Le et al (2020) showed that MESP inhibits the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 to reduce LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. Meanwhile, Wang et al (2021) found that CGP-BG inhibited the protein levels of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by LPS induction.…”

“…Wang et al (2020) reported that SNPS inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, Le et al (2020) showed that MESP inhibits the Therefore, it can be explained that GNP has anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting inflammatory mediators.…”

A Comparative Study on the Ameliorative Effects of Aqueous Extract of Two Varieties of Hibiscus on the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Bowel Inflammation

“…Prebiotics has been previously proved to ameliorate intestinal inflammation. In vitro and in vivo studies provided using prebiotics as a therapy for IBD via their anti-inflammatory activities (Valcheva et al, 2015, Healey, 2020, Le et al 2020. The role of prebiotic fibers in reducing intestinal inflammation is associated with the stimulation of the growth of gut probiotics.…”

“…The role of prebiotic fibers in reducing intestinal inflammation is associated with the stimulation of the growth of gut probiotics. Soluble fiber dextrin reduces proinflammatory cytokine secretion such as IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-α , IL-23 and IL-12 in rodents model of colitis and IBD patients (Valcheva et al , 2015 andLe et al 2020).…”