Prebiotics

Honor thy symbionts

“…Third, the microbiota functions as a multifunctional organ whose component cell lineages provide metabolic traits that we have not fully evolved in our own genome. These traits include the ability to break down otherwise indigestable plant polysaccharides (16,17), biotransformation of conjugated bile acids (18), degradation of dietary oxalates (19), and synthesis of certain vitamins (20).…”

Butyrate, an HDAC inhibitor, stimulates interplay between different posttranslational modifications of histone H3 and differently alters G1-specific cell cycle proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells

“…Several epidemiological, animal and interventional studies suggest the protective effects of dietary fiber in chronic diseases such as bowel disorders and colorectal cancer, cancer of other tissues, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and hypertension [3, 12-18] is linked to bioactivity of butyrate [3, 12, 14-18]. It elicits many cytoprotective, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities mainly through arrest of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis or stimulation of cell differentiation by selectively altering gene expression but the mechanistic basis for these actions are far from clear [3, 10-12, 18, 19-26].…”

A New Synbiotic Consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Dextran Improves Milk Production in Holstein Dairy Cows

“…Generally, lactic acid bacteria are well known probiotics and are used as growth promoters to prevent intestinal infections by pathogenic bacteria, decrease stress, and stimulate host immune response [7]. On the other hand, nondigestible food ingredients are called prebiotics, and these enhance growth of lactic acid bacteria in the host intestine [8]. For example, fructooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide and dextran (Dex) are widely known and commercially available.…”

“…This refers to a combination of live bacteria (probiotics) and their specific substrate (prebiotics) [8]. It was reported that Lactobacillus casei subsp.…”