Prebiotics and probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in children

Guandalini, Stefano; Cernat, Elena; Moscoso, Dagmara I.

doi:10.3920/bm2014.0067

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…and Bifidobacterium spp. are generally regarded as beneficial, especially in the context of mucosal immunity and administration of probiotic supplements containing these bacteria have been found to be highly beneficial in the context of GI disease and inflammation [77-80]. These bacteria are also known to provide B and K vitamins to the host which are necessary for a variety of metabolic processes [71].…”

Section: Microbial Dysbiosis In Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial translocation and microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-associated immune activation

Zevin

McKinnon

Burgener

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

218

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review To describe the mechanisms and consequences of both microbial translocation and microbial dysbiosis in HIV infection. Recent Findings Microbes in HIV are likely playing a large role in contributing to HIV pathogenesis, morbidities and mortality. Two major disruptions to microbial systems in HIV infection include microbial translocation and microbiome dysbiosis. Microbial translocation occurs when the bacteria (or bacterial products) that should be in the lumen of the intestine translocate across the tight epithelial barrier into systemic circulation, where they contribute to inflammation and pathogenesis. This is associated with poorer health outcomes in HIV infected individuals. In addition, microbial populations in the GI tract are also altered after HIV infection, resulting in microbiome dysbiosis, which further exacerbates microbial translocation, epithelial barrier disruption, inflammation, and mucosal immune functioning. Summary Altered microbial regulation in HIV infection can lead to poor health outcomes, and understanding the mechanisms underlying microbial dysbiosis and translocation may result in novel pathways for therapeutic interventions.

show abstract

Section: Microbial Dysbiosis In Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial translocation and microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-associated immune activation

Zevin

McKinnon

Burgener

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

218

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most currently used drugs encompass rifaximin, probiotics, prebiotics, fibers, antispasmodics, laxatives and dietary interventions [148-155]. …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic duodenitis or microscopic enteritis and gluten-related conditions: what needs to be explored?

Ierardi¹,

Losurdo²,

Iannone³

et al. 2017

aog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microscopic enteritis (ME) is characterized by abnormal infiltration of intraepithelial lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa. It was described as duodenal lymphocytosis or lymphocytic duodenitis until the dedicated Consensus Conference of 2015. ME represents a common feature of several gluten-mediated and non-gluten related diseases; therefore, it is an umbrella term embracing several conditions. The most frequent causes of ME are gluten-related disorders (celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy), Helicobacter pylori infection and drug-related damages. Less frequently, ME may be secondary to inflammatory bowel disease, some autoimmune conditions, immunoglobulin deficiencies, blood malignancies, infections and irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of ME may be challenging. The diagnosis of ME needs to be driven by predominant symptoms and patient history. However, it is often difficult to achieve an immediate identification of the underlying condition, and a broad variety of diagnostic tests may be required. Ultimately, long-term surveillance is needed for a final diagnosis in many cases, since a hidden or quiescent condition may be disclosed after a period of latency. In any case, strict collaboration between the clinician and the pathologist is pivotal. The treatment of ME should be personalized, depending on the underlying disease. For gluten-related conditions (celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy, dermatitis herpetiformis), a gluten-free diet may be proposed. For other conditions, a targeted etiologic treatment is necessary. In conclusion, ME represents a novel entity that is attracting increasing interest. The growing epidemiologic trend confirms that it will become a common condition in clinical practice.

show abstract

“…Diarrhea, constipation and intestinal inflammation are the main symptoms of the patients with IBD and IBS [1112]. Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that the inflammation is found from the jejunum to the rectum in both IBS and IBD [1314151617].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effects of atractylodin on intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility in both constipation and diarrhea prominent rats

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2017

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intestinal disorders often co-occur with inflammation and dysmotility. However, drugs which simultaneously improve intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility are rarely reported. Atractylodin, a widely used herbal medicine, is used to treat digestive disorders. The present study was designed to characterize the effects of atractylodin on amelioration of both jejunal inflammation and the co-occurring dysmotility in both constipation-prominent (CP) and diarrhea-prominent (DP) rats. The results indicated that atractylodin reduced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the plasma and inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and NF-kappa B in jejunal segments in both CP and DP rats. The results indicated that atractylodin exerted stimulatory effects and inhibitory effects on the contractility of jejunal segments isolated from CP and DP rats respectively, showing a contractile-state-dependent regulation. Atractylodin-induced contractile-state-dependent regulation was also observed by using rat jejunal segments in low and high contractile states respectively (5 pairs of low/high contractile states). Atractylodin up-regulated the decreased phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain, protein contents of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and MLCK mRNA expression in jejunal segments of CP rats and down-regulated those increased parameters in DP rats. Taken together, atractylodin alleviated rat jejunal inflammation and exerted contractile-state-dependent regulation on the contractility of jejunal segments isolated from CP and DP rats respectively, suggesting the potential clinical implication for ameliorating intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility.

show abstract

Prebiotics and probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in children

Cited by 28 publications

References 76 publications

Microbial translocation and microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-associated immune activation

Microbial translocation and microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-associated immune activation

Lymphocytic duodenitis or microscopic enteritis and gluten-related conditions: what needs to be explored?

Ameliorative effects of atractylodin on intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility in both constipation and diarrhea prominent rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About