Precarious migrant care workers in Italy, Israel and the UK

Luppi, Matteo; Oomkens, Rosanne; Gal, John

doi:10.4337/9781788113168.00014

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…With the exception of Israel, the institutionalization of childcare services for children under the age of 3 years has been lacking, particularly in Greece and Italy. While there is a widely accepted assumption that maternal care is the ideal option for children aged 0–3 years, in many cases, family care is provided by grandparents or immigrant care workers in these countries (Leon and Pavolini 2014; Luppi et al 2018; Ranci and Sabatinelli 2014; Valiente 2009). For instance, in Greece, although steps have been taken since the 1990s to support working mothers, there has been a lack of development in childcare services targeting children under the age of 3 years, and grandparents and nannies continue to be the primary caregivers for this age group (Petrogiannis 2006).…”

Section: Transformations In Early Childhood Education and Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered familialism in a Mediterranean context: women’s labor market participation and early childhood education and care in Turkey

Akkan,

Buğra,

Knijn

2023

New Perspect. Turk.

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This article explores the relationship between women’s labor market participation and early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Turkey within a broader Mediterranean context. Since the 1990s, there have been significant changes in the familialist models in the Mediterranean region driven by women’s increased labor market participation and the expansion of ECEC services. The transformations in the region have unveiled a significant link between the expansion of preschool education and an increase in women’s labor market participation. Turkey missed this critical juncture in the 1990s, as indicated by the low employment rates of women and below-the-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-average preschool enrolment. Through a comparative perspective that examines the slow progress in both areas in Turkey as well as the gendered feature of its familialist model, the article emphasizes the need for closer analysis of the link between ECEC and the low labor force participation of women. Given that the expansion of ECEC in the 2000s has taken place through market-driven services, the article concludes that the link between ECEC and women’s labor market participation exhibits a class dimension. Thereby, women from lower socio-economic groups are increasingly experiencing the impact of the gendered characteristics inherent in the familialist regime in Turkey.

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Section: Transformations In Early Childhood Education and Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered familialism in a Mediterranean context: women’s labor market participation and early childhood education and care in Turkey

Akkan,

Buğra,

Knijn

2023

New Perspect. Turk.

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“…The introduction of market principles in care service provision has mainly affected the production cost of services, hitting wages, training, work intensity (shifts) and working conditions in general (OECD, 2020). These trends have led to a progressive erosion of the social protection level of care workers, generating a precarious low-wage female migrant workforce (Luppi et al, 2018). Since the quality of services depends very much on the training, salaries, working conditions, benefits and job security of service workers, a decrease in these factors is reflected in a reduction in quality, lowering the adequacy and appropriateness of services (Martinelli et al, 2017).…”

Section: The Care Spherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The international literature has widely investigated LTC cost-containment policies, mainly focusing on reforms and their impact on the characteristics of LTC systems in financial, policy-making and operative terms (Deusdad et al, 2016;Gori 2019), or looking at the implications of these changes for users and care workers (Muir, 2017;Rodrigues et al, 2018;Luppi et al, 2018;OECD, 2020). In this literature, the cost-containment policies have rarely constituted the research object but instead have been outcomes of institutional strategies, intervening factors or the starting point for investigations of their various impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-containment long-term care policies for older people across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): a scoping review

Gori

Luppi²

2022

Ageing and Society

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In most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, the government has to manage tension between growth in the need for long-term care (LTC) services for older people and significant public budget constraints. Not surprisingly, therefore, cost-containment policies are of increasing relevance. Nevertheless, despite the flourishing interest in the comparative literature in reforms and the sustainability of LTC policies, a scoping review of these measures has so far not been produced. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap. We present a typology of LTC cost-containment policies across the OECD. Cost-containment policies cluster in two areas according to their focus: demand-side policies, which reduce the actual chances of receiving LTC services and/or make them more expensive for users; and supply-side ones, which modify the provision of services. Furthermore, an indirect outcome of the review is that it allows an overview of potential negative implications of these policies. These negative implications can be grouped in two macro spheres relating to a worsening of the care arrangements for beneficiaries and to increased demand for individual/family resources, in both economic and time and effort terms. In the light of the expected profound impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on all social security sectors in the medium and long term, this article provides a valuable tool for both academic and policy-making debate. It allows an analytical comprehension of cost-containment strategies adopted in LTC sectors linking them with the related impacts on beneficiaries and their families.

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“…As a result, estimates suggest that, in 2012, around 1 million dependent elderly persons employed MCWs, of a total older population (aged 65 or over) of about 12 million (Pasquinelli and Rusmini, 2013). Additionally, irregular employment, which usually involves precariousness, low wages and poor working conditions, represents a common working arrangement and affects around half of the foreign carers (Luppi et al, 2018). As identified by Ambrosini (2016: 147), due to their widespread social visibility, MCWs are in a condition of tolerance , meaning a grey area in which migrants are considered essential inasmuch as care workers, but not fully integrated as citizens.…”

Section: The Commodification Of Care Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly care in changing societies: Concurrences in divergent care regimes – a comparison of Germany, Sweden and Italy

Theobald¹

2018

Current Sociology

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European countries are facing social changes that are challenging their long-term care (LTC) systems in different ways. The ageing population and the decrease of care potential in families have led to different paths of modification to traditional care regime organization. This article compares the LTC policies of Sweden, Germany and Italy, three countries that have traditionally been regarded as representatives of distinct regime types in care regime typologies. The interrelation between policy reforms, changing state support, patterns of care arrangements and the commodification of care work is compared between the three countries. The analysis aims to reveal the basic dimensions of (changing) LTC policies and their effects in these countries; trends of convergence and divergence between the three regimes; and the main characteristics of the changed care regimes. Despite a trend to convergence characterized by a redefined involvement of and a complex mixture of state, market and family resulting in an increased precarization of care labour, the countries analysed still represent different care models. In particular, the amount of state support, the emphasis on family care versus professional services, and the role of different state levels in the governing system and reform paths are the key elements that mark the organization of national LTC.

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Precarious migrant care workers in Italy, Israel and the UK

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Gendered familialism in a Mediterranean context: women’s labor market participation and early childhood education and care in Turkey

Gendered familialism in a Mediterranean context: women’s labor market participation and early childhood education and care in Turkey

Cost-containment long-term care policies for older people across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): a scoping review

Elderly care in changing societies: Concurrences in divergent care regimes – a comparison of Germany, Sweden and Italy

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