Prechewing and Prewarming Food for HIV-Exposed Children: A Prospective Cohort Experience from Latin America

Gaur, Aditya H.; Cohen, Rachel; Read, Jennifer S.; Hance, Laura Freimanis; Dominguez, Kenneth L.; Alarcón, Jorge; Menezes, Juliana; Peixoto, Mario F.; Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Márcia; Coelho, Débora Fernandes; Mitchell, Charles D.; Siberry, George K.

doi:10.1089/apc.2012.0459

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Another important area where we found deficient knowledge was horizontal HBV transmission, where an infected adult may transmit to an infant through practices such as oral pre-warming or pre-chewing of infants' food by adults, which may involve transmission through saliva or infected body fluids. Several studies [36][37][38][39] show evidence of horizontal HBV transmission through saliva, and this practice is common in developing country cultures [40][41][42], where it has been linked to HIV transmission, yet there is sparse data on knowledge of this route of HBV transmission among pregnant women. In cultures where these practices continue, specific attention will need to be given to effectively communicate horizontal route of transmission, as an effort to strengthen prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Nankya-Mutyoba

Aizire

Makumbi

et al. 2018

Hepatology Medicine Policy

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IntroductionCountries in sub-Saharan Africa with a high hepatitis B burden also have limited resources to identify underlying drivers of disease among key at-risk populations. To improve prioritization and strengthen prevention of mother to child transmission of HBV, it is imperative to understand disease awareness, knowledge and related factors among pregnant women.ObjectivesThis study assessed HBV disease awareness, knowledge and related factors among pregnant women in public health facilities in two regions with diverse HBV disease epidemiology.MethodsFrom October 2016 through December 2017, a random sample of 455 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics were surveyed to assess HBV awareness, knowledge and associated factors. Participants responded to an 18-item questionnaire with themes on HBV awareness, knowledge of disease signs and symptoms, transmission, prevention and misconceptions about the disease. Results were analysed in STATA (version 14.0).ResultsOf 455 participants enrolled, about two thirds reported having heard about HBV disease. By region, nearly half (47%) of participants from the central region, compared to only 16% from the north, reported that they had never heard of HBV. Region of residence had a moderating effect on the education- HBV awareness relationship. Only 162/455 (36%) of participants had adequate HBV knowledge. More than half 256/455 (56%) and 242/455 (53%) were not knowledgeable about horizontal and mother to child HBV transmission, respectively. About two thirds 298/455 (66%) and 281/455 (62%) believed HBV was spread via sharing of utensils and mosquito bites respectively. In multiple regression analysis, residing in the north, (PR=1.91(1.53 -2.38), p < 0.001) compared to central region and having a secondary education (PR=1.87(1.37 -2.55), p < 0.001) compared to primary were statistically significantly related to being knowledgeable about HBV.ConclusionWe demonstrated marked regional differences in HBV disease awareness and knowledge in this high HBV prevalence setting. However, most pregnant women displayed unacceptably low HBV knowledge and a significant proportion still hold misconceptions about HBV. Interventions to improve HBV prevention through antenatal education will need to be tailored to existing differences in comprehensive HBV knowledge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Nankya-Mutyoba

Aizire

Makumbi

et al. 2018

Hepatology Medicine Policy

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“…A limited number of small studies have revealed that prechewing is still common in many places, but the rates vary dramatically, from less than 5% in Brazil, Argentina and Peru to 24% in Gabon to 80% in Nigeria (Gaur et al . ; Ogunshe et al . ; Auer‐Hackenberg et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the importance of prechewing as a traditional practice that is sustained in many parts of the world, it is not included in the World Health Organization's indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. A limited number of small studies have revealed that prechewing is still common in many places, but the rates vary dramatically, from less than 5% in Brazil, Argentina and Peru to 24% in Gabon to 80% in Nigeria (Gaur et al 2013;Ogunshe et al 2013;Auer-Hackenberg et al 2014). In most developed countries, it is likely that prechewing is no longer widely practised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prechewing infant food, consumption of sweets and dairy and not breastfeeding are associated with increased diarrhoea risk of 10‐month‐old infants in the United States

Conkle

Ramakrishnan

Freeman

2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Prechewing of food by caregivers is a common infant feeding practice both globally and in the United States, where the highest rates of the practice are found among African-Americans and Alaska Natives. The objective of this study was to determine if prechewing of infant food is associated with increased diarrhoea prevalence of 10-month-old infants in the United States. The study used cross-sectional data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II to test for associations between prechewing and 2-week-period prevalence of infant diarrhoea. At 10 months of age, infants who received prechewed food (n = 203) had a diarrhoea prevalence of 16.1%, compared with 10.9% of children who did not receive prechewed food (n = 1567) [relative risk (RR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.11]. After adjusting for covariates, including breastfeeding and consuming sweets and dairy, prechewing was associated with a 58% higher risk (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.10-2.26) of 2-week diarrhoea prevalence. Consumption of sweets (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.03-1.78) and dairy (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.93) was also associated with increased diarrhoea risk. Continued breastfeeding at 10 months of age was associated with a reduced risk of diarrhoea (RR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.50-0.91). Prechewing of infant food is associated with increased diarrhoea among 10-month-old infants. The high RR found in this study suggests that prechewing may be an important factor in public health efforts to reduce the burden of diarrhoeal disease. However, further research is needed to establish that prechewing causes increased diarrhoea risk and to explore potential benefits of prechewing.

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“…Studies exploring the role of oral exposure in HIV transmission are very rare. There were 3 reported studies which explored the potential risk of pre-mastication for HIV transmission [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article

2021

JAMMR

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Current guidelines on HIV prevention conflict over whether oral exposure to HIV positive blood is a risk for transmission. This issue is especially important for young children, because, 30–80% of people infected with HIV have at least one oral manifestation, with the most frequently occurring ones often bleeding, and children born to HIV infected mothers are often exposed to the blood through multiple ways (e.g. kissing and sharing spoon, cups, or food, etc.). For the present paper, I examined data collected in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2020 which showed that, the decline in annual new HIV infections in young children was closely correlated with an increase in the proportion of women aware of their HIV status. This finding suggests that, mothers’ behavioral change (e.g. avoiding kissing and sharing spoon, cups, or food, etc.) due to awareness of their HIV status played an important role in prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and testing for HIV should be pursued for all pregnant women in high prevalence areas.

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Prechewing and Prewarming Food for HIV-Exposed Children: A Prospective Cohort Experience from Latin America

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Prechewing infant food, consumption of sweets and dairy and not breastfeeding are associated with increased diarrhoea risk of 10‐month‐old infants in the United States

Retracted Article

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