Precious coral non‐destructive characterization by Raman and XRF spectroscopy

Macchia, M.; Resta, Vincenzo; Quarta, Gianluca; Calcagnile, Lucio

doi:10.1002/xrs.2703

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The lengths of the concatenated LR and MSH sequences were between 264 base-pairs (bp) and 290 bp long per coral sample (Supplementary Results S2). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis identified 10 samples (11,14,19,22,23,31,34,38,41,45) as Corallium rubrum, of which nine had sequences identical to either of two the reference C. rubrum sequences, and one (11) had a single variable site (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various analytical methods tested to distinguish precious coral species based on skeletal material were either unable to provide clear-cut distinction among the different coral species (e.g. trace element analysis, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS and EMPA 18 ; and Raman spectroscopy 19 ), or were not improved to become a standardized and easy-to-use tool (such as immunolabeling 20 ). As a novel approach, Cartier, et al 21 recently proposed DNA analysis to distinguish species, assuming that coral DNA molecules can be trapped in the organic material or adhered to the CaCO 3 crystals during the formation of the skeleton.…”

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confidence: 99%

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DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry

Lendvay

Cartier

Gysi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Precious coral species have been used to produce jewelry and ornaments since antiquity. Due to the high value and demand for corals, some coral beds have been heavily fished over past centuries. Fishing and international trade regulations were put in place to regulate fishing practices in recent decades. To this date, the control of precious coral exploitation and enforcement of trade rules have been somewhat impaired by the fact that different species of worked coral samples can be extremely difficult to distinguish, even for trained experts. Here, we developed methods to use DNA recovered from precious coral samples worked for jewelry to identify their species. We evaluated purity and quantity of DNA extracted using five different techniques. Then, a minimally invasive sampling protocol was tested, which allowed genetic analysis without compromising the value of the worked coral objects.The best performing DNA extraction technique applies decalcification of the skeletal material with EDTA in the presence of laurylsarcosyl and proteinase, and purification of the DNA with a commercial silica membrane. This method yielded pure DNA in all cases using 100 mg coral material and in over half of the cases when using "quasi non-destructive" sampling with sampled material amounts as low as 2.3 mg. Sequence data of the recovered DNA gave an indication that the range of precious coral species present in the trade is broader than previously anticipated. Precious corals are among the most appreciated and oldest known gems. They are valued for their color, texture and workability (polishing, carving), and have thus been collected and used for adornment for millennia 1-3. Growing demand, particularly in Asia in recent years, has led to an increase in prices of precious corals used in jewelry 4-6. The most valuable precious coral species belong to the Coralliidae family within the Octocorallia subclass of the Anthozoa. The precious coral material used for jewelry is the worked (i.e. cut, carved and polished) hard coral skeletal axis, which is a biogenic material created by a biomineralization process 7. In this process, closely packed magnesium-rich calcite crystals are secreted by coral polyps (1-2 mm in size) to build up a skeleton over decades. The polyps can thrive on the surface of the skeleton as colonies connected and surrounded by a 0.5-1 mm thick surface tissue (coenenchyme) 8. The Coral Commission of The World Jewellery Confederation (CIBJO) lists eight Coralliidae species as significant in the precious coral jewelry industry 9,10. Precious coral products are sold worldwide, with production centers located in Italy, Japan and Taiwan and large-scale trade of raw material between these areas 5,6,11. Until recent decades, the populations of these highly coveted marine animals experienced exploitation in boom and bust cycles where the discovery of precious coral beds led to rushes by coral fishers and these beds were exploited as long as it remained economically feasible 12,13. Local and international regulations were put...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry

Lendvay

Cartier

Gysi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, the compositions of the standard sample and the sample to be tested should at similar concentration level. XRF is non-destructive testing, which can analyze the content of multiple elements simultaneously [16]. XRF can perform the sample with a concentration above 1 mg/kg.…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Precious Metal Content Analysis Methods in Automotive Catalytic Converter

Yang,

Xie,

Liu

et al. 2023

MSCE

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With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, people's concern of pollution issues arising. Vehicles, as the most important means of transportation, its exhaust emission has received considerable attention. The catalytic converter is able to purify harmful substances in exhaust gas. The absolute content of precious metals in the catalytic converter dominates the exhaust gas purification effect. Accurate detection of precious metal content is of great significance for controlling the cost of catalysts, ensuring catalytic performance and recovering precious metals from spent catalysts. We herein summarized several instruments for precious metals content exploration, such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) and spectrophotometer. In this thesis, the feasibility of using various devices for characterizing precious metal content in catalytic converters is analyzed and their strengths or weaknesses are elaborated.

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“…4). Six samples (9,17,20,21,28,35) were identical with reference samples of Corallium japonicum, but also with the reference samples of C. nix and C.…”

Section: Taxonomic Assignment Of Worked Precious Coralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of processed precious corals

Lendvay

Cartier

Gysi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Precious coral species have been used to produce jewelry and ornaments since antiquity.Due to the high prices at which corals are traded, coral beds have been heavily fished. Hence, fishing and international trade regulations were put in place. However, poaching remains extensive and mislabeling of products is common. To this date, the control of precious coral exploitation and enforcement of trade rules have been largely impaired by the fact that species of processed coral skeletons can be extremely difficult to distinguish even for trained experts.Here, we developed methods to use DNA recovered from worked precious coral skeletons to identify their species. We evaluated purity and quantity of DNA extracted using five different techniques. Then, a minimally invasive sampling protocol was tested, which allowed genetic analysis without compromising the value of the worked coral objects.We found extraction of pure DNA possible in all cases using 100 mg skeletal material and over half of the cases when using "quasi non-destructive" sampling with sampled material amount as low as 2.3 mg. Sequence data of the recovered DNA gave a strong indication that the range of precious coral species present in the trade is broader than previously anticipated. IntroductionPrecious corals are among the most appreciated and oldest known gems. They are valued for their color, purity and hard material, and have thus been collected and used for adornment for millennia 1-3 . The strict coral harvesting and trading regulations introduced in recent decades along with growing demand in Asia, have led to an increase in prices of precious corals used in jewelry 4-6 .The precious coral material used for jewelry is the cut and polished hard coral skeletal axis, which is a biogenic material created by a biomineralization process 7 . In this process, closely packed magnesium-rich calcite crystals are secreted by coral polyps (1-2 mm in size) to build up a skeleton over decades. The polyps can thrive on the surface of the skeleton as colonies connected and surrounded by a 0.5-1 mm thick surface tissue (coenenchyme) 8 . All deep-sea dwelling precious coral species belong to the family Coralliidae. The Coral Commission of The World Jewellery Confederation (CIBJO) lists eight Coralliidae species as significant in the precious coral jewelry industry 9,10 . Precious coral products are sold worldwide with production centers located in Italy, Japan and Taiwan and large-scale trade of raw material between these areas 5,6,11 .Until recent decades, the populations of these highly coveted marine animals experienced exploitation in boom and bust cycles where the discovery of precious coral beds led to rushes by coral fishers and these beds were exploited as long as it remained economically feasible 12,13 . The high price for precious corals made unreported fishing and poaching appealing for many 14 . Therefore, local and international regulations were put in place to control both fishing and international trade of precious corals, among which four Pacific sp...

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Precious coral non‐destructive characterization by Raman and XRF spectroscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of precious corals in jewelry

Overview of Precious Metal Content Analysis Methods in Automotive Catalytic Converter

DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of processed precious corals

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