Precious metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviants – A review

Akçıl, Ata; Erüst, Ceren; Gahan, Chandra Sekhar; Özgün, Mehmet Tamer; Sahin, Merve; Tuncuk, Ayşenur

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.017

Cited by 400 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…However, incineration is considered to be significant source of 44 emission of PCDD/Fs (Zhou et al, 2015) while landfilling can lead to contaminating the soil 45 and groundwater by the leachate, which contains brominated toxic compounds as well as heavy 46 metals (Akcil et al, 2015;Hadi et al, 2015) and by evaporation of hazardous substances (Guo 47 the material used and the weight percentage of each part. As shown in Figure 1, the cover 95 material is a mixture of polyethylene, a thermoplastic elastomer, and aluminum trihydroxide 96 (PE-TPE-ATH) and the insulation material is a silicone rubber.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and e-waste

Soler

Conesa

Íñiguez

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Combustion and pyrolysis runs at 850 ºC were carried out in a laboratory scale horizontal 10 reactor with different materials combining biomass and waste electrical and electronic 11 equipment (WEEE). Analyses are presented of the carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated benzenes (ClBzs), polychlorinated 13 phenols (ClPhs), polybrominated phenols (BrPhs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and 14 dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Results showed that gas emissions were mainly composed of CO 15 and CO 2 ; the high level of CO found in the pyrolytic runs was easily transformed into CO 2 by 16 reaction with oxygen. The total amount of light hydrocarbons emitted was somewhat higher in 17 the samples containing WEEE, methane being the most abundant light hydrocarbon in all the 18 runs. However, the presence of WEEE reduced the emission of PAHs which clearly decreased 19 with the increase of the oxygen. The total amount of BrPhs increased in the decomposition of 20 the samples containing WEEE, reaching its maximum in pyrolysis runs. Emission of PCDD/Fs 21 was enhanced in pyrolytic conditions and they were easily destroyed in the presence of oxygen. 22 23

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and e-waste

Soler

Conesa

Íñiguez

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Hydrometallurgical preparation of sulfide concentrates allows obtaining chemical products, from which gold can be extracted by means of leaching with non-cyanide complex-forming reagents. A number of reagents were offered as a possible alternative to cyanide, including thiosulfates, thiourea (Yuce, 1994), halides (Tran and Davis, 1992), polysulfides (Luo et al, 2006) and thiocyanates (Akcil et al, 2015). The greatest interest in the global practice of gold extraction from natural materials is generated by the leaching process where ammonium or sodium thiosulfate is used as the main reagent (Grosse et al, 2003;Zhang and Dreisinger, 2003;Petersen and Muzawazi, 2014;Lampinen et al, 2015), since precisely this method is acquiring practical importance for the conditions of the in-situ leaching.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption Extraction of Noble and Non-Ferrous Metals from Process Leaching Solutions

Kenzhaliyev¹,

Iskhakova²,

Z.D³

2015

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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In view of the annual increase in ore processing output for low grade or refractory gold-bearing ores, as well as recoverable raw materials, stricter requirements for completeness of gold extraction and environmental safety, the interest is rising in possible alternatives to substitute the cyanide process used in gold mining practice. One of such alternatives is to convert metals into solutions of various chemical compositions by means of electric current-electrochemical leachingfollowed by metal sorption extraction. This paper deals with the issues of sorption behavior of noble (gold, silver) and non-ferrous (copper, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, manganese, lead) metals from thiosulfate solutions for chemical and electrochemical leaching of concentrates of two mineral deposits using various anionites. Factors affecting metal uptake most significantly were determined. Degree of zinc and nickel sorption extraction from electrochemical leaching solutions made 99%. It has been established that the nature of metal sorption extraction from process solutions is connected with the micro structure of leaching solutions having quasi-homogeneous structure.

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“…Consequently, it is not surprising to see a staggering increase of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments (WEEE or ''e-waste'') over the past decades. [1][2][3][4] The current global production of WEEE is expected to increase rapidly at an alarming rate of 20-25 million tons per year, 4,5 with an estimated growth rate going from 3% up to 5% per year. [6][7][8] This fast obsolescence makes the linear 'extraction-productionusage-disposal' chain even more resource-intensive, increasing, therefore, their impacts on environment, human health and economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,18,19,21 Hydrometallurgical methods are one of the key technologies in metal recycling because they enable a fine separation between chemically-similar metals in small-scale operation. 1,[22][23][24][25][26] The base metals recovery has a substantial impact on the economics of the process due to larger available amount in WPCBs. 27 Moreover, previous leaching of base metals ensures the enrichment of precious metals in the solid residue, making it easier to leach out subsequently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Lead and Noble Metals After Processing Printed Circuit Boards From Cell Phones by Leaching With Mixtures Containing Hydrogen Fluoride

Silva¹,

Corrêa²,

Gismonti³

et al. 2018

Quim. Nova

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This work examines the leaching of printed circuit boards (PCBs) from cell phones in aqueous solutions containing HF + H 2 O 2 or HF + NaClO under mild experimental conditions. The PCBs were not ground but were previously treated with 6 mol L -1 NaOH at 50 o C for 1 h to remove their soldering mask. , respectively. The processing of the solid residue is also described in detail. It was leached with water at ~90 o C followed by HNO 3aq. at 25 o C. Lead, palladium and silver were recovered in this order, leaving gold as final solid. After 1 h at [35][36][37][38][39][40] o C, 5 mol L -1 HF + 0.3 mol L -1 NaClO mixtures leached the base metals, copper, gold and palladium. Gold was recovered by liquid-liquid extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone. Silver precipitated as chloride. This salt was isolated by leaching with NH 3aq . Loss of fluoride ions (as HF) was below 0.5 wt.% after leaching and handling the solid residue.

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Precious metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviants – A review

Cited by 400 publications

References 87 publications

Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and e-waste

Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of materials combining biomass and e-waste

Sorption Extraction of Noble and Non-Ferrous Metals from Process Leaching Solutions

Recovery of Lead and Noble Metals After Processing Printed Circuit Boards From Cell Phones by Leaching With Mixtures Containing Hydrogen Fluoride

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