Precipitation and air temperature extremes in the Amazon and northeast Brazil

Silva, Pollyanne Evangelista da; Silva, Cláudio Moisés Santos e; Spyrides, Maria Helena Constantino; Andrade, Lára de Melo Barbosa

doi:10.1002/joc.5829

Cited by 62 publications

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“…In the study period, the occurrence of higher values of T a during 2015 was attributed to the occurrence of a very strong El Niño event 21 . The direct influence of air temperature on the seasonal variability of CO 2 fluxes is possibly related to increased water stress due to the intensification of the drought period in the Northeast Brazil 31 . With this, results raised an important question: in addition to the seasonal changes in rainfall and in the structure and functioning of the Caatinga, do variations in air and soil temperature have an impact on the carbon balance of this biome?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…* Available on http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed in Oct 12, 2018. events indices associated with nighttime temperature in the Brazilian semiarid 31,32 . Furthermore, there is evidence of an intensification of aridity and the expansion of semiarid lands in the Northeast Brazil 33,34 , which may directly influence on the dynamics of the Caatinga tropical forest.…”

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Seasonal variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest

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Silva

et al. 2020

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forest ecosystems sequester large amounts of atmospheric co 2 , and the contribution from seasonally dry tropical forests is not negligible. thus, the objective of this study was to quantify and evaluate the seasonal and annual patterns of co 2 exchanges in the Caatinga biome, as well as to evaluate the ecosystem condition as carbon sink or source during years. in addition, we analyzed the climatic factors that control the seasonal variability of gross primary production (Gpp), ecosystem respiration (R eco) and net ecosystem co 2 exchange (nee). Results showed that the dynamics of the components of the co 2 fluxes varied depending on the magnitude and distribution of rainfall and, as a consequence, on the variability of the vegetation state. Annual cumulative NEE was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 2014 (−169.0 g C m −2) when compared to 2015 (−145.0 g C m −2) and annual NEP/GPP ratio was 0.41 in 2014 and 0.43 in 2015. Global radiation, air and soil temperature were the main factors associated with the diurnal variability of carbon fluxes. Even during the dry season, the NEE was at equilibrium and the Caatinga acted as an atmospheric carbon sink during the years 2014 and 2015. CO 2 concentration has a high interannual variability due to its absorption by terrestrial ecosystems (carbon sinks) 1-5. However, despite this variability, data show a systematic increase in CO 2 throughout the years 6,7. In South America, the Amazon forest is an example of a terrestrial carbon sink (considering its 20-year mean behavior), although it has occasionally behaved as CO 2-neutral or even a carbon source in the last years 8. Interannual variability and trends in CO 2 sinks are controlled by different biogeographic regions. The annual mean behavior of sinks is controlled mainly by highly productive lands, such as wet tropical forests (i.e. the Amazon forest) 5. On the other hand, semiarid environments control the global scale trends observed in the last few decades 9,10. Despite its prominent role, there is still much to be studied and investigated regarding CO 2 exchanges in these regions, which are still much less understood than wet forests or croplands 5,10. According to the literature 10 , gaps in understanding CO 2 exchanges in these environments have limited our ability to understand and predict interannual and decadal variations on global scale carbon cycle. There are a few inherent difficulties when quantifying CO 2 exchanges in semiarid environments, such as the rapid expansion of some of its areas due to climate change and anthropic activities 11,12. Studies show that some regions in South America are becoming more arid, such as the Amazon 13,14 ; the Brazilian semiarid region, dominated by the Caatinga biome, which is a seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) 15-17 and the Cerrado, which is a Brazilian savanna-type vegetation 18 .

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confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest

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“…O teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Kendall (Mann, 1945;Kendall, 1975) foi utilizado para identificar tendências lineares nos valores sazonais da variável precipitação, referente aos anos de 1980 a 2013, para os três cenários de variabilidade climática. Sneyers (1975); Goossens e Berger (1986), Yu et al (2002); Obregón Párraga (2003) relatam a eficácia do teste para identificar tendências em variáveis climáticas, assim, o teste tem sido empregado em diversos estudos no Brasil e no mundo (Blain, 2010;Minuzzi e Caramori, 2011;Karmeshu,2012;Pinheiro et al, 2013;Wu e Qian, 2017;da Silva et al, 2015;Lacerda et al, 2015;de Oliveira et al, 2017;dos Reis, et al 2017;Bezerra et al, 2018;da Silva et al, 2019a;Mutti et al, 2019).…”

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Caracterização da variabilidade da precipitação no MATOPIBA, região produtora de soja

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Silva

Bezerra

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Geog. Fis.

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A análise sobre a variabilidade dos padrões climatológicos espaciais e temporais das chuvas fornecem informações valiosas para a condução de cultivos agrícolas, principalmente em condições de sequeiro. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a variabilidade da precipitação no MATOPIBA, região produtora de soja, sob influência das fases do ENSO e do gradiente térmico do Atlântico Tropical. Foram utilizados dados diários de precipitação do período de 1980-2013 dispostos em uma grade de espaçamento de 0,25º x 0,25°, abrangendo 963 pontos sobre a região. O acumulado mensal da precipitação foi especializado por meio de sistemas geográficos de informação e da geoestatística. A variabilidade da precipitação foi analisada por meio da aplicação do teste de Mann-Kendall, considerando três cenários de condições meteorológicas (climatologia, favorável-wet e desfavorável-dry) à ocorrência da precipitação. Os volumes de chuvas foram relativamente maiores no cenário da fase fria do ENSO combinado com o gradiente inter-hemisférico apontando para o Sul (favorável-wet), em contrapartida, verificou-se um aumento de condições de risco hídrico nos anos com ocorrência da fase quente do ENSO e o gradiente apontando para o Norte (desfavorável-dry), embora com exceções registradas em algumas áreas no mês de Janeiro e Fevereiro. Tendências positivas e negativas foram identificadas, constatando indícios de alterações nos padrões da variável, previamente para os cenários da climatologia e desfavorável (dry). Os resultados poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de soluções e direcionamento na tomada de decisões pelos agentes da cadeia produtiva que visem a mitigação de impactos em decorrência da variabilidade da precipitação na região estudada. Characterization of rainfall variability in the MATOPIBA, soybean producing region AbstractThe analysis of spatial and temporal rainfall patterns variability provides invaluable information for the development of dryland agriculture systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the variability of rainfall in the MATOPIBA, an important soybean producing region, under the influence of ENSO phases and the tropical Atlantic thermal gradient. We used daily rainfall data for the period from 1980-2013 arranged in a 0.25º x 0.25º spacing grid, comprising 963 points over the study region. Monthly accumulated rainfall has been specialized through geographic information systems and geostatistics. Variability rainfall was analyzed by applying the Mann-Kendall test, considering three scenarios of meteorological conditions (climatology, favorable-wet and unfavorable-dry) to the occurrence of precipitation. Rainfall volumes were relatively higher in the ENSO cold phase scenario combined with the southward-favorable interhemispheric gradient. ENSO and the gradient pointing north (unfavorable-dry), although with exceptions recorded in some areas in January and February. Positive and negative trends were identified, showing evidence of changes in the variable's patterns, previously for the climatology and unfavorable (dry) scenarios. The results may contribute to the development of solutions and decision making direction by the agents of the productive chain aiming at mitigating impacts due to the variability of precipitation in the studied region.Keywords: Climate variability; ENSO; Agrometeorology

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“…Daily data were retrieved for the period from 1 January 1980 until 31 December 2013. The studies by Da Silva et al (2019) [6] and Silveira Marinho et al (2020) [50] were previously developed in the region using the same dataset. We used information from 167 grid points corresponding to the geographical centroid of each municipal unit in the RN state.…”

Section: Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientific discussions on global climate variability and its environmental impacts have driven the need to better understand the effects of climate extreme events on food production systems [1][2][3]. Indeed, research and actions towards water security and the environmental pressure caused by climate extreme events should be emphasized [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsistence Agriculture Productivity and Climate Extreme Events

et al. 2020

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The occurrence of rainfall extreme events leads to several environmental, social, cultural, and economic consequences, heavily impacting agriculture. The analysis of climate extreme indices at the municipal level is of the uttermost importance to the overall study of climate variability and regional food security. Corn, bean, and cassava are among the most cultivated temporary subsistence crops. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between subsistence agriculture productivity and the behavior of rainfall extreme indices in the Rio Grande do Norte state in the period from 1980 to 2013. We used the dataset provided by Xavier (2016) and the climate extreme indices obtained through the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. Crop productivity data were retrieved from the Municipal Agriculture Survey from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics system. The methodology evaluated the behavior and the relationship between agricultural productivity time series and extreme precipitation indicators. We applied the following statistical techniques: descriptive analysis, time series trend analysis by the Mann-Kendall test, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance to check for equal means between identified groups. Cluster analysis was considered an adequate tool for the comprehension of data spatial distribution, allowing the identification of five homogenous subregions with different precipitation patterns. Rainfall extreme indices allowed the analysis of regional conditions regarding consecutive dry days, annual precipitation in wet days, and heavy rainfall. Trends were identified in these indices and they were significantly correlated with dryland crops productivity, indicating a direct relationship between water availability and regional agroclimatic stress.

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Precipitation and air temperature extremes in the Amazon and northeast Brazil

Cited by 62 publications

References 68 publications

Seasonal variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest

Seasonal variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest

Caracterização da variabilidade da precipitação no MATOPIBA, região produtora de soja

Subsistence Agriculture Productivity and Climate Extreme Events

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