Precipitation in the Czech Republic in Light of Subjective and Objective Classifications of Circulation Types

Řehoř, Jan; Brázdil, Rudolf; Lhotka, Ondřej; Trnka, Miroslav; Bálek, Jan; Štěpánek, Petr; Zahradníček, Pavel

doi:10.3390/atmos12111536

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the link between temperature and atmospheric circulation is strongest in DJF, when more than half of the warming was attributable to changes in circulation [34]. Combined with a strong dependence of precipitation totals on circulation types in the CR (e.g., [17,[49][50][51]), changes in atmospheric circulation can even affect complex events such as severe soil drought periods (e.g., [18,33]). Therefore, long-term changes in circulation may influence the course of climate change in central Europe and propagate to other related variables, such as relative humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the evident effects of changes in the frequency of anticyclonic and cyclonic circulation types on climate variables in both 30-year periods, the direction of airflow influencing its temperature and humidity and contributing to regional differences within the CR [17] is very important. Grouping circulation types regardless of their (anti-)cyclonality and excluding types A, C, and U, there appear to be annually statistically significant increases in types with southwestern airflow and significant decreases in those with north-east and southeastern airflow during the 1961-2020 period (not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Řehoř et al [17,18] described this objective classification of circulation types in more detail and gave schemes of sea level pressure fields for individual circulation types.…”

Section: Circulation Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

et al. 2022

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Thirty-year periods are treated in climatology as spans with relatively representative and stable climatic patterns, which can be used for calculating climate normals. Annual and seasonal series of circulation types were used to compare two 30-year sub-periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, the second one being strongly influenced by recent global warming. This analysis was conducted according to the objective classification of circulation types and the climatic characteristics of sunshine duration, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed as calculated for the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1961–2020 period. For both sub-periods, their statistical characteristics were calculated, and the statistical significance of differences between them was evaluated. There was a statistically significant increase in the annual frequencies of anticyclonic circulation types and a significant decrease in cyclonic circulation types during 1991–2020 compared with 1961–1990. Generally, in both 30-year periods, significant differences in means, variability, characteristics of distribution, density functions, and linear trends appear for all climatic variables analysed except precipitation. This indicates that the recent 30-year “normal” period of 1991–2020, known to be influenced more by recent climate change, is by its climatic characteristics unrepresentative of the stable climatic patterns of previous 30-year periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

et al. 2022

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“…The sea level pressure value at a given point was derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (Kalnay et al ., 1996) as an inverse distance weighted mean of the nine closest NCEP/NCAR grid points. Nine anticyclonic (A, AN, ANE, AE, ASE, AS, ASW, AW, ANW), nine cyclonic (C, CN, CNE, CE, CSE, CS, CSW, CW, CNW) and eight directional (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) circulation types were defined; unclassified days belong to type U (see Řehoř et al ., 2021a for more details).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of winters in the Czech Republic during the 1961–2021 period and related environmental impacts and responses

Brázdil

Zahradníček

Chromá

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This paper analyses temperature and snow patterns of winters (December–February) averaged for the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1961–2021 period and their broad environmental impacts and responses. Series of mean, maximum, minimum, absolute maximum and absolute minimum temperatures show significant increasing linear trends, while decreasing trends were detected in numbers of frost, ice and extremely cold days, duration of cold waves, snowfall days, sums of heights of new snow, days with snow depths ≥1 cm, mean and maximum snow depths. The winter severity, derived from five temperature and five snow variables and expressed by temperature/snow scores, indicates decreasing severity of winters for 1961–2021, in which temperature severity is more pronounced than that of snow. Decreasing winter severity is in line with decreasing frequency of cyclonic and directional circulation types according to objective classification, while the trend in anticyclonic types was opposite. Types with maritime airflow from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean contribute to milder and types with continental airflow from the east to colder winters. The coldest winters, 1962/1963 and 1984/1985, and the mildest winters, 2006/2007 and 2019/2020, were analysed in greater detail. Concerning of different analysed environmental impacts, they are influenced not only by severe winter weather, but also by political, socioeconomic and general environmental changes in the country. In line with decreasing winter severity were only statistically significant decreasing trends in proportions of traffic accidents connected with snow and glaze ice on the roads and volumes of damaged wood due to high weights of snow and ice deposit, expressed as salvage felling. Series of other environmental impacts (e.g., fatalities attributed to weather, impacts on the economy and society) reflect rather severity of individual winters and express high interannual variability without any representative trends.

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“…The GWL classification and its numerical versions, for example, objective GWL or SynopVis GWL, have been already successfully applied in studies on CPs associated with daily to multidaily HPEs occurring over Central Europe (Brieber & Hoy, 2019; Hoy et al, 2014; Jaagus et al, 2010; Minářová et al, 2017a; Minářová et al, 2017b; Ustrnul & Czekierda, 2001). To account for mesoscale climate peculiarities, some regional classifications have also been created and implemented in research on LDHPEs (Lupikasza, 2010; Mika et al, 2021; Řehoř et al, 2021; Twardosz & Niedźwiedź, 2001). On the other hand, the genesis of SDHPEs and their links to CPs, although vital, remain largely unstudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar‐based heavy precipitation events in Germany and associated circulation patterns

Palarz,

James,

Junghänel

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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As projected by multiple climate models, short‐duration heavy precipitation events (SDHPEs) are expected to intensify particularly quickly under the changing climate posing substantial risk to natural and human systems. Yet over the years, SDHPEs have received less scientific attention than long‐duration heavy precipitation events (LDHPEs), mainly due to the limitations of measurement systems. Our aim is to provide insight into spatial and temporal variability of SDHPEs detected by the radar network of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) in Germany from 2001 to 2020 as well as to explore their links to circulation patterns (CPs). The study is based on the Catalogue of Radar‐based heavy Rainfall Events (CatRaRE) generated using reprocessed gauge‐adjusted data of the DWD radar network as well as a new numerical method for classifying CPs over Central Europe called “Großwetterlagen for Reanalyses” (GWL‐REA). The results have demonstrated that SDHPEs, which are defined based on either locally valid precipitation values with a return period of 5 years (CatRaRE T5) or absolute precipitation values equal to DWD Warning Level 3 (CatRaRE W3), are common phenomena occurring most frequently in the afternoon hours of the summer season. They constitute up to 90% of all heavy precipitation events included in the catalogues covering relatively small areas—the median area of SDHPEs ranges from 22 km2 (CatRaRE T5) to 24 km2 (CatRaRE W3), while the median area of LDHPEs ranges from 175 km2 (CatRaRE W3) to 184 km2 (CatRaRE T5). As compared to LDHPEs, SDHPEs are generated by a wider spectrum of circulation conditions, including not only cyclonic but also anticyclonic CPs. In the warm season, the anticyclonic CPs, often accompanied by air mass advection from the south, can induce high thermal instability leading to the development of relatively small, isolated convective cells, which often cannot be captured by rain gauge stations.

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Precipitation in the Czech Republic in Light of Subjective and Objective Classifications of Circulation Types

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

Severity of winters in the Czech Republic during the 1961–2021 period and related environmental impacts and responses

Radar‐based heavy precipitation events in Germany and associated circulation patterns

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