Precipitation of clavulanic acid from fermentation broth with potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate salt

Optimization of the precipitation of clavulanic acid from fermented broth using t-octylamine as intermediate

“…Like in the first reaction, no oil was formed in any of the experiments, demonstrating that this reaction is more stable than the direct reaction of potassium clavulanate (Hirata et al, 2009). This stability can be attributed to the passage through the stable intermediate, t-octylamine.…”

“…This stability can be attributed to the passage through the stable intermediate, t-octylamine. Nucleation in the second reaction did not occur in response to the addition of the first few drops of potassium 2-ethylhexanoateas was the case in the reaction without passing through the stable intermediate (Hirata et al, 2009), but only after this addition within a range of 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the initial concentration of CA amine salt and the concentration of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate. This indicates that the solution had a lower initial supersaturation than that studied by Hirata et al (2009), which favored the formation of potassium clavulanate.…”

“…This may render the reaction stable because it indicates that the initial supersaturation in this system was lower than in the reaction performed without passing through the stable intermediate, in which nucleation has most often occurred in response to the addition of the first drop of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate (Hirata et al, 2009). Thus it is believed that the introduction of t-octylamine as an intermediate increased the metastable zone of supersaturation in comparison to the direct reaction of CA with potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.…”

“…In a previous work we studied the precipitation of clavulanic acid with potassium 2-ethylhexanoate and demonstrated that different combinations of CA and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate concentrations affect the yield, purification and stability of the resulting salt (Hirata et al, 2009). We also found that some of the conditions tested resulted in the formation of oil rather than CA salt, indicating that the direct precipitation of CA with potassium 2-ethylhexanoate only occurred satisfactorily within a limited range, making this technique difficult to employ on an industrial scale.…”

Clavulanic Acid Adsorption Studies in Zeolites

“…For this reason, CA has been considered as the main β-lactam component produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus (Saudagar et al 2008). This biomolecule has been the subject of several studies, such as those involving its production (Brethauer et al 2008;Ortiz et al 2007;Teodoro et al 2006), anti-β-lactamase properties (Saudagar et al 2008;Buynak 2006), stability (Bersanetti et al 2005;Barboza et al 2003) as well as its separation and purification (Hirata et al 2009;Silva et al 2009;Morão et al 2006;Barboza et al 2003;Alves et al 2002).…”