Precipitation of Inorganic Salts in Mitochondrial Matrix

Jasielec, Jerzy J.; Filipek, Robert; Dołowy, Krzysztof; Lewenstam, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/membranes10050081

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…Similar to precipitates analyzed in the context of biomineralization [ 81 ], the composition of mitochondrial precipitates seems to be complex both in structure and composition. Based on the Ca/P ratios ranging from 1.0 to 1.67, stoichiometric compounds of Ca and P reported in mitochondria include various forms of calcium orthophosphates [ 80 , 82 , 83 ] as shown in Table 1 . Many of Ca-P complexes identified in the mitochondrial matrix are known to spontaneously interconvert based on the Ca/Pi ratios and energy availability [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Nature Of Mitochondrial Calcium Salt Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Calcification

Duvvuri¹,

Lood²

2021

Immunometabolism

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One of the most fascinating aspects of mitochondria is their remarkable ability to accumulate and store large amounts of calcium in the presence of phosphate leading to mitochondrial calcification. In this paper, we briefly address the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial calcium homeostasis followed by the extensive review on the formation and characterization of intramitochondrial calcium phosphate granules leading to mitochondrial calcification and its relevance to physiological and pathological calcifications of body tissues.

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Section: Nature Of Mitochondrial Calcium Salt Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Calcification

Duvvuri¹,

Lood²

2021

Immunometabolism

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“…It should be noted that Ca 2+ uptake was simulated to show one more phenomenon that supports the suggested here mechanism of complex II activation by glutamate. We realize that Ca 2+ metabolism is complex, it includes Ca 2+ / H + antiport, Ca 2+ / Na + exchange, binding by proteins, precipitation as phosphate salt [ 43 , 44 ]. However, details of this metabolism are out of the scope of the presented study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling a key role of oxaloacetate-glutamate interaction in regulation of respiration and ROS generation in nonsynaptic brain mitochondria using a kinetic model

et al. 2021

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Glutamate plays diverse roles in neuronal cells, affecting cell energetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These roles are especially vital for neuronal cells, which deal with high amounts of glutamate as a neurotransmitter. Our analysis explored neuronal glutamate implication in cellular energy metabolism and ROS generation, using a kinetic model that simulates electron transport details in respiratory complexes, linked ROS generation and metabolic reactions. The analysis focused on the fact that glutamate attenuates complex II inhibition by oxaloacetate, stimulating the latter’s transformation into aspartate. Such a mechanism of complex II activation by glutamate could cause almost complete reduction of ubiquinone and deficiency of oxidized form (Q), which closes the main stream of electron transport and opens a way to massive ROS generating transfer in complex III from semiquinone radicals to molecular oxygen. In this way, under low workload, glutamate triggers the respiratory chain (RC) into a different steady state characterized by high ROS generation rate. The observed stepwise dependence of ROS generation on glutamate concentration experimentally validated this prediction. However, glutamate’s attenuation of oxaloacetate’s inhibition accelerates electron transport under high workload. Glutamate-oxaloacetate interaction in complex II regulation underlies the observed effects of uncouplers and inhibitors and acceleration of Ca2+ uptake. Thus, this theoretical analysis uncovered the previously unknown roles of oxaloacetate as a regulator of ROS generation and glutamate as a modifier of this regulation. The model predicted that this mechanism of complex II activation by glutamate might be operative in situ and responsible for excitotoxicity. Spatial-time gradients of synthesized hydrogen peroxide concentration, calculated in the reaction-diffusion model with convection under a non-uniform local approximation of nervous tissue, have shown that overproduction of H2O2 in a cell causes excess of its level in neighbor cells.

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“…Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles responsible for the storage of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules inside eukaryotic cells. In these organelles, calcium ions are internally accumulated to balance the electric potential that is created by the proton gradient used to power the enzyme ATP-synthase [27]. Such calcium ions form insoluble complexes in the presence of proteins and phosphate ions, which are released into the cytosol as droplets inside membrane-bound vesicles (Figures 4a, b) [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Biomineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Materials: The Tough Life of Bone

Magrini¹,

Libanori²,

Kan³

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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Bone was a crucial biological material for the evolution of large terrestrial organisms and is today essential for most of our daily activities and well-being. From an engineering perspective, this living material features highly desirable properties for modern load-bearing structures. It is made of abundant and environmental-friendly building blocks, which are combined into a tough and durable structure that can continuously modify itself to adapt to changes in the mechanical load imposed by the surroundings. In this review article, we compile and discuss scientific findings that allow us to understand bone as a complex system with properties that emerge from cell-mediated interactions of molecules and particles at multiple length scales. Analogous to other complex systems, such interactions lead to self-organization, hierarchical structures and adaptive behavior without the need of a central controlling unit. A rich range of physical, chemical and biological phenomena provide a framework for information to be generated and processed in this complex system. Understanding the interplay between such underlying phenomena and their emerging properties should help the diagnosis and treatment of bone-related medical conditions and might provide guidelines for the future development of more sustainable materials and engineering structures.

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Precipitation of Inorganic Salts in Mitochondrial Matrix

Cited by 9 publications

References 220 publications

Mitochondrial Calcification

Mitochondrial Calcification

Unveiling a key role of oxaloacetate-glutamate interaction in regulation of respiration and ROS generation in nonsynaptic brain mitochondria using a kinetic model

Complex Materials: The Tough Life of Bone

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