Precipitation Particle Measurements in Cumulus Congestus

Radar observations of precipitation production in thunderstorms

“…M can be estimated from radar data using expressions of the form M = 2.6 x 10~3Z° 55 (Brown and Braham, 1963), M = 4.1 x 10~5Z 068 (Douglas, 1964) or M = 2.6 x 10" 3 Z°…”

meteorological bases for precipitation development1,2

“…They also suggest that the coalescence process will be most effective in clouds of warm humid air masses. It has indeed been established that coalescence is of great importance in the tropical climates (see for example Bergeron, 1933;Byers and Hall, 1955;Braham et al, 1957;Mason, 1957;Brown and Braham, 1963). There are also many documented observations of coalescence rain from clouds in maritime polar air masses (Lewis, 1947;Singleton, 1960;Stewart, 1964;Cornford, 1967, and others).…”