Objective
To investigate the species diversity of the genus Russula Mushroom in Guiyang City, China, based on morphological characteristics and taxonomic research, in order to lay a foundation for future development and utilization of the medicinal-food value of the Russula Mushroom genus.
Methods
Russula Mushroom specimens were collected in Guiyang City and its surrounding areas. Morphological and molecular identifications were conducted, comparing the collected specimens with existing specimens in the herbarium. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the species were described. DNA sequences from the specimens were compiled, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to confirm species classification.
Results
A total of 30 Russula Mushroom specimens were collected in Guiyang City, including 21 known species. Among them, 12 species were identified based on morphological characteristics, while 8 species were identified through molecular Analysis. Among the identified species, 10 were edible mushrooms, and 4 were medicinal mushrooms. Literature records indicate that Guiyang City is home to 33 species of the Russula Mushroom genus.
Conclusion
The Russula Mushroom resources in Guiyang City include 16 edible species and 8 medicinal species. Among them, Russula crustosa, Russula cyanoxantha, and Russula delica have anti-tumor effects. Russula densifolia and Russula foetens are effective in treating limb spasms and musculoskeletal discomfort. Russula nigricans has properties for dispelling wind, cold, and dampness, as well as soothing tendons and activating collaterals. Russula rosea is rich in anti-cancer substances. Russula virescens can clear the liver, improve eyesight, and regulate Qi flow. These species all have the potential for medicinal development.