“…This methods (image thresholding) sets as flooded all the pixels with a radar backscatter lower than a certain threshold value (Mason et al, 2012a(Mason et al, , 2012bPulvirenti et al, 2012;Schumann et al, 2010;Townsend, 2002), is computationally not demanding, provides reliable results and is ideal for rapid mapping. However, it is affected by sources of error typical of SAR flood mapping: 1) Atmospheric disturbances (Atlas and Moore, 1987;Danklmayer andChandra, 2009a, 2009b;Jameson et al, 1997;Polverari et al, 2014); 2) Bragg resonance in presence of wind (Bragg, 1913;Schaber et al, 1997); 3) Double bounce due to emerging vegetation or buildings from the inundated area (Franceschetti et al, 2002;Hong and Wdowinski, 2014;van Zyl et al, 1987;Hajnsek et al, 2009); 4) Dry and smooth bare soil exhibiting backscatter similar to that of water surfaces (O'Grady et al, 2011); 5) Vegetation masking part of the flood; 6) Soil moisture content increasing radar backscattering and limiting flood detection in mixed pixel (Jackson et al, 1996;Paloscia et al, 2013;Quesney et al, 2000;Shoshany et al, 2000;Wagner et al, 1999); and 7) User-dependence of the parameters chosen to produce the map (Martinis et al, 2009).…”