Precise density measurement and its uncertainty evaluation for refractory liquid metals over 3000 K using electrostatic levitation

Jeon, Seol; Ganorkar, Shraddha; Cho, Yong Chan; Lee, Joohyun; Kim, Min-Ju; Lee, Jonghyun; Lee, Geun Woo

doi:10.1088/1681-7575/ac7688

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The densities of the samples were subsequently obtained by dividing the measured mass by the determined volume. The uncertainty of the density measurement originates from the measurement error of the sample volume, mass and temperature [25,26],…”

Section: Esl Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical properties and atomic structure of liquid Zr–Nb alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics simulation

Zuo,

Chang,

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The investigation of the thermophysical properties of liquid Zr–Nb alloys holds great significance for theoretical research and technical application in liquid physics. However, the high temperatures involved make their experimental measurement challenging. In this study, the densities of liquid Zr-x wt.% Nb (x= 1.0, 2.5, 6.0) alloys were examined by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics calculation. Remarkably, the alloys achieved maximum undercooling of 335 K, 311 K and 326 K, respectively. Correspondingly, the densities are 6.20, 6.22 and 6.26 g·cm−3 at the liquidus temperatures (T L), respectively. The corresponding temperature coefficients are 2.61 × 10−4, 2.75 × 10−4 and 2.84 × 10−4 g·cm−3·K−1, respectively. Notably, the experimental density results align well with the simulated results. Moreover, the molar volume (V m), thermal expansion coefficient (α) and diffusion coefficient (D) were derived based on the experimental data and simulations. The thermal expansion coefficients reduce linearly with decreasing temperature. The analysis of the pair distribution function, coordination number (CN) and the radial distribution function reveals the temperature-dependent evolution of the atomic structure. The CN total and CN Zr–Zr initially increase and then decrease with decreasing temperature, while the change trends for CN Zr–Nb and CN Nb–Nb varied among the three alloys. The radial distribution function of three liquid alloys reveals that the atomic number density increases as the temperature drops. Additionally, the total diffusion coefficients decrease with the reduction of temperature and the rise of Nb content from 1.0 wt.% Nb to 6.0 wt.% Nb.

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Section: Esl Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical properties and atomic structure of liquid Zr–Nb alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics simulation

Zuo,

Chang,

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…Image processing utilizing machine learning algorithms for sample edge detection is implemented enabling in-situ volume calculations, 40 and in turn, density measurements. 19 This has been implemented to measure densities of various metallic melts (e.g., Si, [41][42][43] Mo, 44 Ta, 44 Re, 45 ) via ADL and AL above 3000 K. Viscosity 25 and surface tension 26 measurements can also be made by perturbing the melt with a mechanical pulse, causing the molten liquid to oscillate (Figure 1c). The oscillation damping time and resonance frequency are directly related to the viscosity and surface tension.…”

Section: Levitation In Conjunction With Laser Heating (Up To ~4000 K)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials properties characterization in the most extreme environments

et al. 2022

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There is an ever-increasing need for material systems to operate in the most extreme environments encountered in space exploration, energy production, and propulsion systems. To effectively design materials to reliably operate in extreme environments, we need an array of tools to both sustain lab-scale extreme conditions and then probe the materials properties across a variety of length and time scales. Within this article, we examine the state-of-the-art experimental systems for testing materials under extreme environments and highlight the limitations of these approaches. We focus on three areas: (1) extreme temperatures, (2) extreme mechanical testing, and (3) chemically hostile environments. Within these areas, we identify six opportunities for instrument and technique development that are poised to dramatically impact the further understanding and development of next-generation materials for extreme environments. Graphical abstract

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“…In several recent publications, researchers have reported uncertainties with associated sensitivity for the measured properties using levitation techniques. Watanabe 8 has reported a detailed uncertainty analysis of density of liquid Pt-X(X: Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) alloys measured using EML; Jeon 9 has reported a detailed uncertainty analysis of density of Ta, Mo and Nb using ESL; Moroshoshi 10 has also reported uncertainty in surface tension measurement of liquid Fe. In this study, a detailed uncertainty analysis was conducted on each measured properties as a continuation of the facility comparison method previously developed 11 by the author and is being extended to a different material class.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty analysis and performance evaluation of thermophysical property measurement of liquid Au in microgravity

et al. 2023

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A new method for quantifying facility performance has been discussed in this study that encompasses uncertainties associated with thermophysical property measurement. Four key thermophysical properties: density, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, surface tension, and viscosity of liquid Au have been measured in microgravity environment using two different levitation facilities. Levitation experiments were conducted using the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) onboard the ISS in Argon and air, and the TEMPUS Electromagnetic Levitation (EML) facility on a Novespace Zero-G aircraft parabolic flight in Argon. The traditional Maximum Amplitude method was augmented through the use of Frequency Crossover method to identify the natural frequency for oscillations induced on a molten sample during Faraday forcing in ESL. The EML tests were conducted using a pulse excitation method where two techniques, one imaging and one non-imaging, were used to study surface oscillations. The results from both facilities are in excellent agreement with the published literature values. A detailed study of the accuracy and precision of the measured values has also been presented in this work to evaluate facility performance.

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Precise density measurement and its uncertainty evaluation for refractory liquid metals over 3000 K using electrostatic levitation

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Thermophysical properties and atomic structure of liquid Zr–Nb alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics simulation

Thermophysical properties and atomic structure of liquid Zr–Nb alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics simulation

Materials properties characterization in the most extreme environments

Uncertainty analysis and performance evaluation of thermophysical property measurement of liquid Au in microgravity

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