Precise measurement of the widths of some<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:math>x-ray lines of tungsten

Gokhale, B G; Shukla, Shyam S.; Srivastava, Raman Nath

doi:10.1103/physreva.28.858

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Tungsten Lα 1 , Lβ 1 , and Lβ 2 lines (8398 eV, 9673 eV, and 9964 eV [2]) are readily fit in each single-sensor, single-day spectrum of pulse heights. The intrinsic line widths (typically 7 eV FWHM) are estimated from our data, but they are also consistent with published results, where they exist [35,58,59]. The tungsten lines substantially constrain the calibration above 8 keV and are the only constraints above 9 keV.…”

Section: Calibration Features From Transition Metalssupporting

confidence: 90%

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

et al. 2021

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We use an array of transition-edge sensors, cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution, to measure L x-ray emission-line profiles of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and holmium. The spectrometer also surveys numerous x-ray standards in order to establish an absolute-energy calibration traceable to the international system of units for the energy range 4 keV to 10 keV. The new results include emission line profiles for 97 lines, each expressed as a sum of one or more Voigt functions; improved absolute energy uncertainty on 71 of these lines relative to existing reference data; a median uncertainty on the peak energy of 0.24 eV, four to ten times better than the median of prior work; and six lines that lack any measured values in existing reference tables. The 97 lines comprise nearly all of the most intense L lines from these elements under broad-band x-ray excitation. The work improves on previous measurements made with a similar cryogenic spectrometer by the use of sensors with better linearity in the absorbed energy and a gold x-ray absorbing layer that has a Gaussian energy-response function. It also employs a novel sample holder that enables rapid switching between science targets and calibration targets with excellent gain balancing. Most of the results for peak energy values shown here should be considered as replacements for the currently tabulated standard reference values, while the line shapes given here represent a significant expansion of the scope of available reference data.

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Section: Calibration Features From Transition Metalssupporting

confidence: 90%

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

et al. 2021

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“…Tungsten Lα 1 , Lβ 1 , and Lβ 2 lines (8398 eV, 9673 eV, and 9964 eV [2]) are readily fit in each single-sensor, single-day spectrum of pulse heights. The intrinsic line widths (typically 7 eV FWHM) are estimated from our data, but they are also consistent with published results, where they exist [58,59,35]. The tungsten lines substantially constrain the calibration above 8 keV and are the only constraints above 9 keV.…”

Section: Calibration Features From Transition Metalssupporting

confidence: 90%

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Fowler,

O'Neil,

Alpert

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We use an array of transition-edge sensors, cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution, to measure L x-ray emission-line profiles of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and holmium. The spectrometer also surveys numerous x-ray standards in order to establish an absolute-energy calibration traceable to the International System of Units for the energy range 4 keV to 10 keV. The new results include emission line profiles for 97 lines, each expressed as a sum of one or more Voigt functions; improved absolute energy uncertainty on 71 of these lines relative to existing reference data; a median uncertainty on the peak energy of 0.24 eV, four to ten times better than the median of prior work; and 6 lines that lack any measured values in existing reference tables. The 97 lines comprise nearly all of the most intense L lines from these elements under broad-band x-ray excitation. The work improves on previous measurements made with a similar cryogenic spectrometer by the use of sensors with better linearity in the absorbed energy and a gold x-ray absorbing layer that has a Gaussian energy-response function. It also employs a novel sample holder that enables rapid switching between science targets and calibration targets with excellent gain balancing. Most of the results for peak energy values shown here should be considered as replacements for the currently tabulated standard reference values, while the line shapes given here represent a significant expansion of the scope of available reference data.

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“…The centroids of these characteristic radiation spectra are listed in Table . Also listed in Table are the information on L α lines and the theoretical or literature values of the line widths and positions of the centroids from which the measured emission spectra were calibrated. , The measured full widths at half-maximum (fwhm) of these characteristic spectra were obtained by directly fitting the experimental diffraction profiles with Lorentzian X-ray emission profiles of unknown line widths. When the crystal broadening factor was included, which was estimated to be ∼0.4 eV for L α 1 that was measured by the Si(111) crystal, experimental diffraction profiles could be reproduced using the theoretical line widths and an X-ray source size of 50 μm. , Hence, most of the experimental broadening was caused by the finite source size of the X-ray target.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Tungsten for Ultrafast Hard X-ray Generation

2005

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High-resolution X-ray absorption measurements (with an accuracy of +/-0.3 eV) of ZnSO(4) (aq) were performed with ultrafast selected energy X-ray absorption spectroscopy (USEXAS) using a laser-driven tungsten target X-ray source. The results were used to determine the absolute spectral positions of characteristic emission lines. By comparing these positions to those predicted for the line emission from tungsten of different oxidation states using the Dirac-Fock formula, the tungsten species responsible for ultrafast hard X-ray generation were found to be tungsten atoms. This finding provides the first direct evidence to support the mechanism of X-ray generation via high-energy electrons interacting with tungsten atoms in the solid target.

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Precise measurement of the widths of someLx-ray lines of tungsten

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Atomic Tungsten for Ultrafast Hard X-ray Generation

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