Precise Morphology Control and Continuous Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Droplet-Controllable Electrospray Coating System

Hong, Sung-Hwa; Lee, Gunhee; Ha, Kyungyeon; Yoon, Jungwon; Ahn, Namyoung; Cho, Woohyung; Park, Min-Cheol; Choi, Mansoo

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b15095

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Current-voltage hysteresis for PSCs is known to be influenced by morphology, 35,54 device geometry 55 as well as nature of the electron 56 and hole 57 transport layers and ion transport. 58 Recent reports have also established a link between ion migration and recombination near the perovskite-contact interfaces.…”

Section: Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared Using Htm-mg Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles

Mokhtar

Whittaker

et al. 2017

Nanoscale

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a disruptive technology that continues to attract considerable attention due to their remarkable and sustained power conversion efficiency increase. Improving PSC stability and reducing expensive hole transport material (HTM) usage are two aspects that are gaining increased attention. In a new approach, we investigate the ability of insulating polystyrene microgel particles (MGs) to increase PSC stability and replace the majority of the HTM phase. MGs are sub-micrometre crosslinked polymer particles that swell in a good solvent. The MGs were prepared using a scalable emulsion polymerisation method. Mixed HTM/MG dispersions were subsequently spin-coated onto PSCs and formed composite HTM-MG layers. The HTMs employed were poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and Spiro-MeOTAD (Spiro). The MGs formed mechanically robust composite HTMs with PTAA and P3HT. In contrast, Spiro-MG composites contained micro-cracks due the inability of the relatively small Spiro molecules to interdigitate. The efficiencies for the PSCs containing PTAA-MG and P3HT-MG decreased by only ∼20% compared to control PSCs despite PTAA and P3HT being the minority phases. They occupied only ∼35 vol% of the composite HTMs. An unexpected finding from the study was that the MGs dispersed well within the PTAA matrix. This morphology aided strong quenching of the CHNHPbICl fluorescence. In addition, the open circuit voltages for the PSCs prepared using P3HT-MG increased by ∼170 mV compared to control PSCs. To demonstrate their versatility the MGs were also used to encapsulate P3HT-based PSCs. Solar cell stability data for the latter as well as those for PSCs containing composite HTM-MG were both far superior compared to data measured for a control PSC. Since MGs can reduce conjugated polymer use and increase stability they have good potential as dual-role PSC additives.

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Section: Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared Using Htm-mg Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles

Mokhtar

Whittaker

et al. 2017

Nanoscale

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“…However, a few studies have appeared on scalable film‐coating techniques that could be applied to the practical fabrication of large‐size perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Coating techniques like aerosol spray, slot‐die, inkjet printing, and blade coating were studied for the development of scalable techniques for coating perovskite thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spraying, a widely used technique in industrial processes, offers a number of advantages over spin coating, including the extendibility to the continuous fabrication of modules with large areas and reduced materials consumption . Spray‐deposited PSCs have been fabricated using ultrasonic spray coating utilizing frequency of 35 kHz and 120 kHz (average PCE 14.1%), electrospray coating (average PCE 11.7%), and hand spray coating (average PCE 16.1%). Generally, the mean droplet size produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer is expressed by Lang's equation:

d_{d} = 0.34 {(\frac{8 π γ}{ρ f^{2}})}^{1 / 3}

where γ, ρ , and f are the surface tension of precursor (γ, N s m −2 ), density of precursor (ρ, kg m −3 ), and frequency of ultrasonic transducer ( f , Hz), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH₃NH₃PbI₃

Park

Cho

Lee

et al. 2018

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113

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A simple, low-cost, large area, and continuous scalable coating method is proposed for the fabrication of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. A megasonic spray-coating method utilizing a 1.7 MHz megasonic nebulizer that could fabricate reproducible large-area planar efficient perovskite films is developed. The coating method fabricates uniform large-area perovskite film with large-sized grain since smaller and narrower sized mist droplets than those generated by existing ultrasonic spray methods could be generated by megasonic spraying. The volume flow rate of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 precursor solution and the reaction temperature are controlled, to obtain a high quality perovskite active layer. The devices reach a maximum efficiency of 16.9%, with an average efficiency of 16.4% from 21 samples. The applicability of megasonic spray coating to the fabrication of large-area solar cells (1 cm 2 ), with a power conversion efficiency of 14.2%, is also demonstrated. This is a record high efficiency for large-area perovskite solar cells fabricated by continuous spray coating. Perovskite Solar Cells www.advancedsciencenews.com

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“…Many of the methods originally developed for passive coatings are now being tested for fabrication of functional films in perovskite solar cells. Examples include airbrush coating [2][3][4][5][6][7] , ultrasonic spray coating [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , ink-jet printing [15][16][17] , slot-die coating [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] , doctor blade coating [25][26][27] , screen printing [28,29] , electrospray coating [30] , and so on.…”

Section: Motivation To Develop Scalable Fabrication Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable solution coating of the absorber for perovskite solar cells

Remeika

2018

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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Precise Morphology Control and Continuous Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Droplet-Controllable Electrospray Coating System

Cited by 54 publications

References 23 publications

Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles

Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles

Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH₃NH₃PbI₃

Scalable solution coating of the absorber for perovskite solar cells

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Precise Morphology Control and Continuous Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Droplet-Controllable Electrospray Coating System

Cited by 54 publications

References 23 publications

Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles

Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles

Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH3NH3PbI3

Scalable solution coating of the absorber for perovskite solar cells

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Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH₃NH₃PbI₃