precision: a fast python pipeline for high-contrast imaging – application to SPHERE observations of the red supergiant VX Sagitariae

Scicluna, Peter; Kemper, F.; Siebenmorgen, R.; Wesson, R.; Blommaert, J. A. D. L.; Wolf, S.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa471

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The data are available at oidb.jmmc.fr and CO) throughout the atmosphere (Chiavassa et al 2010). In addition to this, its circumstellar environment is detected with SPHERE (Scicluna et al 2020), where the authors reveal the presence of ejecta confined to non-spherical or clumpy configurations. Moreover, this environment is expected to be characterised by the presence of alumina, metallic iron, and Fecontaining silicates (Gail et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

Chiavassa,

Kravchenko,

Montargès

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Context. VX Sgr is a cool, evolved, and luminous red star whose stellar parameters are difficult to determine, which affects its classification. Aims. We aim to spatially resolve the photospheric extent as well as the circumstellar environment. Methods. We used interferometric observations obtained with the MATISSE instrument in the L (3-4 µm), M (4.5-5 µm), and N (8-13 µm) bands. We reconstructed monochromatic images using the MIRA software. We used 3D radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations carried out with CO 5 BOLD and a uniform disc model to estimate the apparent diameter and interpret the stellar surface structures. Moreover, we employed the radiative transfer codes Optim3D and Radmc3D to compute the spectral energy distribution for the L, M, and N bands, respectively. Results. MATISSE observations unveil, for the first time, the morphology of VX Sgr across the L, M, and N bands. The reconstructed images show a complex morphology with brighter areas whose characteristics depend on the wavelength probed. We measured the angular diameter as a function of the wavelength and showed that the photospheric extent in the L and M bands depends on the opacity through the atmosphere. In addition to this, we also concluded that the observed photospheric inhomogeneities can be interpreted as convection-related surface structures. The comparison in the N band yielded a qualitative agreement between the N -band spectrum and simple dust radiative transfer simulations. However, it is not possible to firmly conclude on the interpretation of the current data because of the difficulty in constraing the model parameters using the limited accuracy of our absolute flux calibration. Conclusions. MATISSE observations and the derived reconstructed images unveil the appearance of VX Sgr's stellar surface and circumstellar environment across a very large spectral domain for the first time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

Chiavassa,

Kravchenko,

Montargès

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These mass ejections cause a pronounced extended atmosphere in the K band (Monnier et al 2004;Chiavassa et al 2010) where interferometric observations revealed evidence of departure from circular symmetry, which could be caused by the opacity (H 2 O and CO) throughout the atmosphere (Chiavassa et al 2010). In addition to this, its circumstellar environment is detected with SPHERE (Scicluna et al 2020), where the authors reveal the presence of ejecta confined to non-spherical or clumpy configurations. Moreover, this environment is expected to be characterised by the presence of alumina, metallic iron, and Fecontaining silicates (Gail et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

Chiavassa

Kravchenko

Montargès

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. VX Sgr is a cool, evolved, and luminous red star whose stellar parameters are difficult to determine, which affects its classification. Aims. We aim to spatially resolve the photospheric extent as well as the circumstellar environment. Methods. We used interferometric observations obtained with the MATISSE instrument in the L (3–4 μm), M (4.5–5 μm), and N (8–13 μm) bands. We reconstructed monochromatic images using the MIRA software. We used 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations carried out with CO5BOLD and a uniform disc model to estimate the apparent diameter and interpret the stellar surface structures. Moreover, we employed the radiative transfer codes OPTIM3D and RADMC3D to compute the spectral energy distribution for the L, M, and N bands, respectively. Results. MATISSE observations unveil, for the first time, the morphology of VX Sgr across the L, M, and N bands. The reconstructed images show a complex morphology with brighter areas whose characteristics depend on the wavelength probed. We measured the angular diameter as a function of the wavelength and showed that the photospheric extent in the L and M bands depends on the opacity through the atmosphere. In addition to this, we also concluded that the observed photospheric inhomogeneities can be interpreted as convection-related surface structures. The comparison in the N band yielded a qualitative agreement between the N-band spectrum and simple dust radiative transfer simulations. However, it is not possible to firmly conclude on the interpretation of the current data because of the difficulty in constraing the model parameters using the limited accuracy of our absolute flux calibration. Conclusions. MATISSE observations and the derived reconstructed images unveil the appearance of VX Sgr’s stellar surface and circumstellar environment across a very large spectral domain for the first time.

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“…Verhoelst et al (2009) admitted that an alternate solution to the problem is to assume that large (>0.1 μm) silicate grains can form in these atmospheres, which would reproduce the flux at wavelengths shorter than 8 μm. Subsequent work (e.g., Höfner 2008) has shown that this is indeed possible, and such grains have been detected in Galactic RSGs (Scicluna et al 2015(Scicluna et al , 2020. In light of this simpler solution to the problem, the justification for pure-C models is unfounded.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SN 2023ixf Progenitor in M101. II. Properties

Van Dyk,

Srinivasan,

Andrews

et al. 2024

ApJ

Self Cite

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We follow our first paper with an analysis of the ensemble of the extensive preexplosion ground- and space-based infrared observations of the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor candidate for the nearby core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf in Messier 101, together with optical data prior to the explosion obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We have confirmed the association of the progenitor candidate with the supernova (SN), as well as constrained the metallicity at the SN site, based on SN observations with instruments at Gemini-North. The internal host extinction to the SN has also been confirmed from a high-resolution Keck spectrum. We fit the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) for the star, accounting for its intrinsic variability, with dust radiative-transfer modeling, which assumes a silicate-rich dust shell ahead of the underlying stellar photosphere. The star is heavily dust obscured, likely the dustiest progenitor candidate yet encountered. We found median estimates of the star’s effective temperature and luminosity of 2770 K and 9.0 × 104 L ⊙, with 68% credible intervals of 2340–3150 K and (7.5–10.9) × 104 L ⊙, respectively. The candidate may have a Galactic RSG analog, IRC −10414, with a strikingly similar SED and luminosity. Via comparison with single-star evolutionary models we have constrained the initial mass of the progenitor candidate from 12 M ⊙ to as high as 14 M ⊙. We have had available to us an extraordinary view of the SN 2023ixf progenitor candidate, which should be further followed up in future years with HST and the James Webb Space Telescope.

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precision: a fast python pipeline for high-contrast imaging – application to SPHERE observations of the red supergiant VX Sagitariae

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

The extended atmosphere and circumstellar environment of the cool evolved star VX Sagittarii as seen by MATISSE

The SN 2023ixf Progenitor in M101. II. Properties

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