Precision Forging of Spline by Flashless Die Forging with Axially Driven Die

A review of force reduction methods in precision forging axisymmetric shapes

“…6a (ii)). Numerical analysis predicted maximum forming punch load in uni-and bi-directional forging that was 3012 and 2503 kN respectively [50] (Fig. 6b), confirming that bidirectional forging is effective at reducing punch load compared to uni-directional forging.…”

“…In another study, the effect of various component arrangements in a three-piece toolset when forging bevel gears was investigated ( Fig. 6a) [50]. A variation of the toolset involves two punches: an upper and a lower one, which move together in opposite directions to forge the billet (Fig.…”

“…Should the relative significance of Comparison of punch design combinations (a) and their effect of forging load (b). a Punch designs [50]. b Loaddisplacement diagram for punch designs [50] forming pressure and billet height be different, various angles of the N-N line can be used, with a shallower gradient indicating that forming pressure is of greater significance than final billet height.…”

Incremental Bulk Metal Forming

“…If the ram position is back coupled to a unit that controls the servo motor, a machine system which commonly is called a servo-press is generated. This type of forming machine is adequate for many incremental forming processes [57,62,63]. While the first generation of servo presses focuses on the variation of the stroke-and the forging-or stampingmovement enabled by the servo drive, the second generation gives the possibility to control the unavoidable tilting of the ram when operating the press with eccentric forces.…”

Forming-tool design innovation and intelligent tool-structure/system concepts

“…It was demonstrated that a ring gear of high accuracy could be forged under the mean pressure which was only about 2.6 times the yieldstrength of the work-material. A retractable container, which was axially driven by an actuator while the billet was squeezed by the punch, was employed, with a view to reducing forming pressure during precision forging [5]. Due to the relative movement between the billet and the container, the friction functions as an assistance to the material flow, rather than as a resistance.…”