Precision in Setting Cancer Prevention Priorities: Synthesis of Data, Literature, and Expert Opinion

Abstract

Cancer will continue to be a leading cause of ill health and death unless we can capitalize on the potential for 30–40% of these cancers to be prevented. In this light, cancer prevention represents an enormous opportunity for public health, potentially saving much of the pain, anguish, and cost associated with treating cancer. However, there is a challenge for governments, and the wider community, in prioritizing cancer prevention activities, especially given increasing financial constraints. This paper describes a method for identifying cancer prevention priorities. This method synthesizes detailed cancer statistics, expert opinion, and the published literature for the priority setting process. The process contains four steps: assessing the impact of cancer types; identifying cancers with the greatest impact; considering opportunities for prevention; and combining information on impact and preventability. The strength of our approach is that it is straightforward, transparent and reproducible for other settings. Applying this method in Western Australia produced a priority list of seven adult cancers which were identified as having not only the biggest impact on the community but also the best opportunities for prevention. Work conducted in an additional project phase went on to present data on these priority cancers to a public consultation and develop an agenda for action in cancer prevention.

Association of Endometrial Cancer Risk With Postmenopausal Bleeding in Women

“…However, studies evaluating early detection strategies for endometrial cancer are lacking, and at present no recommendation for population-based screening exists. In the era of precision prevention, emphasis on identifying individuals at high risk to maximize the positive outcomes of clinical interventions while avoiding unnecessary harms is growing . Rather than targeting the whole population, early detection strategies for endometrial cancer could focus on women at high risk of developing endometrial cancer, while excluding most women at low risk.…”

Cancer prevention and screening: the next step in the era of precision medicine

“…Assessing and identifying the impact of different cancer types will provide information on prioritizing cancer prevention initiatives and strategies, whether those strategies are based at the individual- or population-level. 79…”

Strategies of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) to reduce the occupational cancer burden

“…Также созданы многонациональные базы данных с учётом производственного фактора, такие как «IMA-DMP» по вдыхаемой пыли (свободной двуокиси кремния) [53], проект «WOODEX» по воздействию веществ, выделяемых из древесных материалов, [54] «ExpoSYN» по асбесту, хрому, никелю, полициклическим ароматическим углеводородам (ПАУ), и свободной двуокиси кремния, созданные для проекта «SYNERGY» [55]. Наконец, научно-исследовательские институты и компании часто сами собирают данные об уровнях воздействия производственных and the published literature for the priority setting process [66]. Their approach comprises four steps: 1) assessing the impact of the cancer types; 2) identifying cancers with the greatest impart; 3) considering opportunities for prevention; and 4) combining information on impact and preventability.…”

“…Второй подход заключается в определении приоритетов профилактики злокачественных новообразований. Этот подход сочетает в себе данные статистики злокачественных новообразований, экспертные оценки и данные опубликованных исследований для установления приоритетов [66]. Он включает в себя четыре этапа: 1) оценка удельного веса различных типов злокачественных новообразований в структуре заболеваемости/ смертности; 2) выявление злокачественных новообразований, имеющих наибольшее значение; 3) рассмотрение возможностей профилактики; и 4) объединение информации о вкладе и возможности профилактики.…”