Precision Landing Tests of Tethered Multicopter and VTOL UAV on Moving Landing Pad on a Lake

Kownacki, Cezary; Ambroziak, Leszek; Ciężkowski, Maciej; Wolniakowski, Adam; Romaniuk, Slawomir; Bożko, Arkadiusz; Ołdziej, Daniel

doi:10.3390/s23042016

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…A guiding trolley 3 mounted on a screw moved proportionally to the length of the unwound/wound power cord 7 , in a way that guaranteed that the cord would be wound coil by coil on a single layer. This was crucial because the 1 mm 2 AWG wires of the power cord could be temporarily overloaded and would have to be cooled by the air (the supply voltage was 230 VAC).…”

Section: Tether Unwindermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Evaluation of a Tethered Class C3 Hexacopter in Maritime Conditions on the Helipad of a Ferry

Kownacki,

Ambroziak,

Ciężkowski

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Various unmanned aerial vechicle (UAV) applications, especially those based on reconnaissance and observation missions, often require an unlimited time of flight. This is possible only when a UAV is continuously supplied with power from a ground-based power source, which is why tethered UAV systems were developed. Tethered UAV systems are based on multicopters, which can hover above a landing pad or track its position if it is movable. The presented research concerned the development of a large C3 class hexacopter with a maximal payload of about 1 kg and a takeoff mass of 16 kg, which was tested in maritime conditions during a ferry’s cruise. The main purpose of the hexacopter was to continuously observe the area ahead of the vessel to detect and localize obstacles in the water. During the experimental tests, critical phases of flight were identified, the AC/DC power supply unit and power cord unwinder were tested, and the power required by six brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was registered. The obtained results could be useful in future work on tethered UAV systems applied in windy maritime conditions.

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Section: Tether Unwindermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper presents the results for the UAV's operation in sea conditions. The UAV was developed based on the conclusions and invaluable experience drawn from tests in quasi-real conditions carried out on a lake, which were presented in [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Tethered Class C3 Hexacopter in Maritime Conditions on the Helipad of a Ferry

Kownacki,

Ambroziak,

Ciężkowski

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…Solving this problem requires the development of neural network (NN) technology [10][11][12] for cryptographic data protection, which is focused on use in UAV onboard communication systems. When developing onboard cryptographic data protection systems, it is necessary to provide a real-time mode, increase cryptographic resistance and noise immunity, and reduce power consumption, weight, size and cost [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The usage of an auto-associative NN of direct propagation, which is trained on the basis of the principal components analysis, helps to conform to such requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure of the stationary part of the system of NN cryptographic data protection and transmission is shown in Figure 4. (22) In the case of the NN approach to encryption (decryption), it is proposed to supplement the processor core with the specialized modules that implement neural elements in hardware to ensure real time. The number of specialized modules and the time of calculation of the scalar product in such modules should ensure the fulfilment of the condition t E/De ≤ t a /h.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Approach to the Implementation of a Neural Network for Cryptographic Protection of Data Transmission at UAV

Tsmots

Teslyuk

Łukaszewicz

et al. 2023

Drones

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An approach to the implementation of a neural network for real-time cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys oriented on embedded systems is presented. This approach is valuable, especially for onboard communication systems in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), because of its suitability for hardware implementation. In this study, we evaluate the possibility of building such a system in hardware implementation at FPGA. Onboard implementation-oriented information technology of real-time neuro-like cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys (masking codes, neural network architecture, and matrix of weighting coefficients) has been developed. Due to the pre-calculation of matrices of weighting coefficients and tables of macro-partial products and the use of tabular-algorithmic implementation of neuro-like elements and dynamic change of keys, it provides increased cryptographic stability and hardware–software implementation on FPGA. The table-algorithmic method of calculating the scalar product has been improved. By bringing the weighting coefficients to the greatest common order, pre-computing the tables of macro-partial products, and using operations of memory read, fixed-point addition, and shift operations instead of floating-point multiplication and addition operations, it provides a reduction in hardware costs for its implementation and calculation time as well. Using a processor core supplemented with specialized hardware modules for calculating the scalar product, a system of neural network cryptographic data protection in real-time has been developed, which, due to the combination of universal and specialized approaches, software, and hardware, ensures the effective implementation of neuro-like algorithms for cryptographic encryption and decryption of data in real-time. The specialized hardware for neural network cryptographic data encryption was developed using VHDL for equipment programming in the Quartus II development environment ver. 13.1 and the appropriate libraries and implemented on the basis of the FPGA EP3C16F484C6 Cyclone III family, and it requires 3053 logic elements and 745 registers. The execution time of exclusively software realization of NN cryptographic data encryption procedure using a NanoPi Duo microcomputer based on the Allwinner Cortex-A7 H2+ SoC was about 20 ms. The hardware–software implementation of the encryption, taking into account the pre-calculations and settings, requires about 1 msec, including hardware encryption on the FPGA of four 2-bit inputs, which is performed in 160 nanoseconds.

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“…A UAV is a man-made machine or robot that has been widely used in military and civilian applications since the 20th century [1][2][3][4]. This vehicle has been named one of the futuristic technologies to help humans complete tasks efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of UAV Airframes Made of Natural Fibers:A Review

Rajoo,

Sultan,

Łukaszewicz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Natural fibers have been widely used as a reinforcing material for the construction of drones. The main goal of this review is to identify a biodegradable natural fiber material that can be built for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The review shows that natural fibers such as kenaf and PALF can be used as an alternative composite material, particularly for multifunctional applications where their smaller weight and less expensive characteristics make them incredibly realistic. This review also discusses the mechanical properties, advantages and disadvantages, and fabrication of the composites.

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Precision Landing Tests of Tethered Multicopter and VTOL UAV on Moving Landing Pad on a Lake

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Tethered Class C3 Hexacopter in Maritime Conditions on the Helipad of a Ferry

Development and Evaluation of a Tethered Class C3 Hexacopter in Maritime Conditions on the Helipad of a Ferry

An Approach to the Implementation of a Neural Network for Cryptographic Protection of Data Transmission at UAV

The Development of UAV Airframes Made of Natural Fibers:A Review

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