“…Previous efforts were often linked to the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm [14]. Today, various approaches are commonly used for personalization in adaptive web shop interfaces, including AI-based methods such as collaborative filtering (CF) [15], CF based on deep learning [16], and its modification that uses the relationships between items rather than users (item-based CF-IBCF) as the basis for inference [17], case-based reasoning (CBR) [18], the RFMT (recency, frequency, monetary, time) model [19], data mining [20], and clustering [21]. UI personalization is applicable across diverse IT systems, whether within organizations (e.g., enterprise resource planning-ERP [22]), supporting interorganizational collaboration (e.g., workflow [23]), or dedicated to customers (e.g., e-commerce [24]).…”