Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health: Academic Education and Community Engagement

Meurer, John R.; Whittle, Jeff; Lamb, Kelsey M.; Kosasih, Matthew; Dwinell, Melinda R.; Urrutia, Raúl

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.010

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, KPNA4 , ITGAL , PLUNC , and many others were suggested as putative dental caries susceptibility genes ( Wang et al 2012 ; Shaffer and Marazita 2015 ). At the population level, precision public health proposes to understand and predict health risks more granularly and to customize interventions for specific and homogenous subpopulations based on biological risk ( Meurer et al 2019 ). However, the notion that tailored oral health interventions can be achieved through relying solely on biological/clinical risk prediction and stratification is consistent with the biomedical model of health, which posits individual biological factors as the primary determinants of health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Epigenomics: Conceptualizations and Considerations for Oral Health

Gomaa

2022

J Dent Res

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Advances in high-throughput technologies and the generation of multiomics, such as genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, are paving the way for the biological risk stratification and prediction of oral diseases. When integrated with electronic health records, survey, census, and/or epidemiologic data, multiomics are anticipated to facilitate data-driven precision oral health, or the delivery of the right oral health intervention to the right individuals/populations at the right time. Meanwhile, multiomics may be modified by a multitude of social exposures, cumulatively along the life course and at various time points from conception onward, also referred to as the socio-exposome. For example, adverse exposures, such as precarious social and living conditions and related psychosocial stress among others, have been linked to specific genes being switched “on and off” through epigenetic mechanisms. These in turn are associated with various health conditions in different age groups and populations. This article argues that considering the impact of the socio-exposome in the biological profiling for precision oral health applications is necessary to ensure that definitions of biological risk do not override social ones. To facilitate the uptake of the socio-exposome in multiomics oral health studies and subsequent interventions, 3 pertinent facets are discussed. First, a summary of the epigenetic landscape of oral health is presented. Next, findings from the nondental literature are drawn on to elaborate the pathways and mechanisms that link the socio-exposome with gene expression—or the biological embedding of social experiences through epigenetics. Then, methodological considerations for implementing social epigenomics into oral health research are highlighted, with emphasis on the implications for study design and interpretation. The article concludes by shedding light on some of the current and prospective opportunities for social epigenomics research applied to the study of life course oral epidemiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Epigenomics: Conceptualizations and Considerations for Oral Health

Gomaa

2022

J Dent Res

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“…In relation to the first research question there are studies that point to the following: From our literature review, it appears that a small amount of teaching time is dedicated to training in precision medicine overall and interdisciplinary patient care more specifically in genomic medicine, including interdisciplinary education by genetic counselors [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. A recent US national survey suggested that students lack insight into the possibility of careers in medical genetics, biomedical informatics, or medical toxicology and many do not consider such training important [26]. The importance of offering meaningful and continuing medical education (CME) offerings and career development has been identified as valuable by educators though.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing precision medicine in medical education: Integrated, precise and data‐driven smart solutions

Papadopoulou

Lytras

2023

Applied Research

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Advances in “Precision Medicine” initiative, also known as “Personalized Medicine” is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that has already led to innovative discoveries and has created “smart” applications and solutions tailored to a person's or a group of individuals' genetic profile, lifestyle, and environment interaction. Already many physicians as part of patient care routinely prescribe various molecular/genetic and other tests enabling them to select personalized treatments that improve the chances of survival and reduce exposure to adverse effects. This initiative should provide to medical and healthcare professionals with adequate resources and readily available solutions so that the target to specific treatments and care of the illnesses is achieved while at the same time protecting the privacy and safety of the individual is secured as well as the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and whatever additional data is necessary within the context of Precision Medicine. This study, through a literature review mostly, and some case study analysis, examine whether personalized medicine is delivered to the patient in an “accurate” and “precise” way, as expected. This requires that Health and Human Services and other stakeholders and agencies collaborate to solicit the right input from patients while at the same time can identify and address any educational, practical, legal, and technical issues and providing smart solutions. The lack of proper medical education and advanced infrastructure are still major barriers to the adoption of Precision Medicine, therefore, the role of medical training in Precision Medicine is also examined and analyzed. Specific examples are discussed in an integrated, precise, and data‐driven manner to provide “smart” solutions.

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Section: Expanding Reach Through Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Academic health centers are poised to lead the way in public health sciences, pioneering evaluation and implementation strategies [21]. Specifically, academic health centers can leverage university resources and influence as neutral brokers of knowledge about the value, benefits, risks and costs of precision public health to cultivate community-wide understanding of ethical, legal and social implications [21]. Engaging university expertise in medicine, epidemiology, health services research, environmental science, sociology, economics, health marketing, urban design, political science and other disciplines can address complex barriers to population health improvement.…”

Section: Expanding Reach Through Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Included among the approaches garnering enthusiasm is the concept of research universities working with health systems, governmental entities, and non-governmental organizations in collaboration to address the challenges of massive data amalgamation [21]. By serving as impartial stewards of health information, conducting research to address knowledge gaps and disseminating information about best practices, research universities can be pivotal institutions in this effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information Exchange (PHOENIX) Program - A Transformative Approach to Reduce the Burden of Chronic Disease

Korzeniewski

Bezold²,

Carbone

et al. 2020

OJPHI

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This concept article introduces a transformative vision to reduce the population burden of chronic disease by focusing on data integration, analytics, implementation and community engagement. Known as PHOENIX (The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information EXchange), the approach leverages a state level health information exchange and multiple other resources to facilitate the integration of clinical and social determinants of health data with a goal of achieving true population health monitoring and management. After reviewing historical context, we describe how multilevel and multimodal data can be used to facilitate core public health services, before discussing the controversies and challenges that lie ahead.

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Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health: Academic Education and Community Engagement

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Social Epigenomics: Conceptualizations and Considerations for Oral Health

Social Epigenomics: Conceptualizations and Considerations for Oral Health

Advancing precision medicine in medical education: Integrated, precise and data‐driven smart solutions

The Population Health OutcomEs aNd Information Exchange (PHOENIX) Program - A Transformative Approach to Reduce the Burden of Chronic Disease

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