Preclinical models of acute liver failure: a comprehensive review

Hefler, Joshua; Marfil‐Garza, Braulio A.; Pawlick, Rena; Freed, Darren H.; Karvellas, Constantine; Bigam, David L.; Shapiro, A.M. James

doi:10.7717/peerj.12579

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…Hepatotoxins have been extensively used in the development of animal models with ALF ( 59 ). d -Gal is commonly used as the pharmacological agent for inducing ALF in preclinical models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable bioadhesive ultrasound shear wave elastography

Liu,

Zeng,

Gong

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical medical condition defined as the rapid development of hepatic dysfunction. Conventional ultrasound elastography cannot continuously monitor liver stiffness over the course of rapidly changing diseases for early detection due to the requirement of a handheld probe. In this study, we introduce wearable bioadhesive ultrasound elastography (BAUS-E), which can generate acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) to induce shear waves for the continuous monitoring of modulus changes. BAUS-E contains 128 channels with a compact design with only 24 mm in the azimuth direction for comfortable wearability. We further used BAUS-E to continuously monitor the stiffness of in vivo rat livers with ALF induced by d -galactosamine over 48 hours, and the stiffness change was observed within the first 6 hours. BAUS-E holds promise for clinical applications, particularly in patients after organ transplantation or postoperative care in the intensive care unit (ICU).

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“…Hepatotoxins have been extensively used in the development of animal models with ALF ( 59 ). d -Gal is commonly used as the pharmacological agent for inducing ALF in preclinical models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d -Gal is commonly used as the pharmacological agent for inducing ALF in preclinical models. The literatures reported that rats are known to be sensitive to d -Gal for inducing hepatic failure ( 59 , 60 ). Therefore, rats were considered as the animal model to develop ALF in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable bioadhesive ultrasound shear wave elastography

Liu,

Zeng,

Gong

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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“…Most ALF models are artificial systems, which include surgical, pharmacological or immunogenic models. Immunogenic models include various viral hepatitis models (8). One of them is Lagovirus europaeus infection, which causes Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD).…”

Section: Rabbit Model Of Acute Liver Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the case of clinical entities such as ALF, which are difficult to study clinically due to the rarity of occurrence and high mortality, studies based on animal models are crucial. They enable, above all, a better understanding of pathophysiology, but also the development of potential therapeutic methods (8). One of the proposed animal models of ALF is infection of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Lagovirus (L.) europaeus virus, which causes severe Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of viral induced acute liver failure and defensins as potential therapeutic agents in ALF treatment

Hrynkiewicz

Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

2023

Front. Immunol.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare and severe disease, which, despite continuous advances in medicine, is still characterized by high mortality (65-85%). Very often, a liver transplant is the only effective treatment for ALF. Despite the implementation of prophylactic vaccinations in the world, the viral background of ALF is still a problem and leads to many deaths. Depending on the cause of ALF, it is sometimes possible to reverse this condition with appropriate therapies, which is why the search for effective antiviral agents seems to be a very desirable direction of research. Defensins, which are our natural antimicrobial peptides, have a very high potential to be used as therapeutic agents for infectious liver diseases. Previous studies on the expression of human defensins have shown that increased expression of human α and β-defensins in HCV and HBV infections is associated with a better response to treatment. Unfortunately, conducting clinical trials for ALF is very difficult due to the severity of the disease and the low incidence, therefore animal models are important for the development of new therapeutic strategies. One of the best animal models that has real reference to research on acute liver failure (ALF) is rabbit hemorrhagic disease in rabbits caused by the Lagovirus europaeus virus. So far, there have been no studies on the potential of defensins in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus virus.

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“…CCL4 is one of the most commonly used agents to induce chronic and acute liver failure in experimental animals at doses of 0.5–2.5 mL/kg. Other pharmacological models of liver failure such as acetaminophen can be used, but rats are less sensitive to it`s toxic effects even at higher doses (300–1000 mg/kg IP) [ 9 ]. When CCl 4 gets into the liver, it acts as a xenobiotic and converted into free radicals CCl 3 and CCl 3 O 2 by the P-450 monooxygenase-dependent microsome system and causes liver damage through membrane lipid peroxidation [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Sophora pachycarpa seed extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats

Aramjoo

Mohammadparast-Tabas

Farkhondeh

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of the Sophora pachycarpa (S. pachycarpa) seed extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity on body organs, blood, and biochemical factors. In this investigation, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups: group I was used as control, group II received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (IP, 1 mL/kg) on day 21, group III and group IV received S. pachycarpa seed extract at doses of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively for 21 days by oral gavage and CCl4 on day 21, group V received silymarin (300 mg/kg) for 21 days by oral gavage and CCl4 on day 21. CCl4 showed an increase of serum renal and hepatic markers creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Also, it significantly increased MDA level, and decreased CAT, FRAP, GSH, and SOD in the liver and kidney tissues. These changes and also hematological and histopathological alterations were significantly ameliorated by S. pachycarpa seed extract before CCl4 administration. In conclusion, the data obtained in our investigation confirm the protective effect of S. pachycarpa against acute exposure to CCl4-induced organ toxicity in rats.

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Preclinical models of acute liver failure: a comprehensive review

Cited by 17 publications

References 213 publications

Wearable bioadhesive ultrasound shear wave elastography

Wearable bioadhesive ultrasound shear wave elastography

Etiology of viral induced acute liver failure and defensins as potential therapeutic agents in ALF treatment

Protective effect of Sophora pachycarpa seed extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats

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