Preclinical Studies on Convalescent Human Immune Plasma-Derived Exosome: Omics and Antiviral Properties to SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic forced urgent measures for the development of new therapeutics. One of these strategies is the use of convalescent plasma (CP) as a conventional source for passive immunity. Recently, there has been interest in CP-derived exosomes. In this report, we present a structural, biochemical, and biological characterization of our proprietary product, convalescent human immune plasma-derived exosome (ChipEXO), following the guidelines set forth by the Turkish Ministry of Health and the Turkish Red Crescent, the Good Manufacturing Practice, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles, and the Gene Ontology Consortium. The data support the safety and efficacy of this product against SARS-CoV-2 infections in preclinical models.

Pulmonary delivery of favipiravir inhalation solution for COVID-19 treatment: in vitro characterization, stability, in vitro cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity using real time cell analysis

“…The following observation was made during the study period: The virus was introduced to the cells on the 24th hour Cell death did not occur until the 50th hour, and by the 114th hour there were no viable cells left The cells that received no virus (control) were viable for 160 h. However, the growth curve dropped significantly in the late hours due to nutrient deficiency (Zost et al, 2020 ; Taşlı et al, 2022 ). The NCI data ranged from 1% at 0.25 mg mL −1 , 27% at 0.5 mg mL −1 , to 100–117% at 1–3 mg mL −1 .…”

“…The cells that received no virus (control) were viable for 160 h. However, the growth curve dropped significantly in the late hours due to nutrient deficiency (Zost et al, 2020 ; Taşlı et al, 2022 ).…”

“…The favipiravir solution samples were prepared following the protocols specified in Section 2.2 and further treated with 3.5 × 10 5 PFU mL −1 of B.1.36 variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus for 1 h at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 in incubator. The media in the wells was removed, and the samples treated with the virus were added and incubated for 160 h at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 (Durdagi et al, 2022 ; Taşlı et al, 2022 ). The untreated cells, negative control (state of no infection), contained only the cells, media, and 2% FBS.…”

Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…All samples from the experiment were normalised to the time point when the virus was added. This point was used as normalised cell index (NCI) ( Durdagi et al, 2022 , Taşlı et al, 2022 ). In addition, control wells without viruses were used to calculate the antiviral activity rate by subtracting from the CI in the control (virus-only) wells that demonstrated the highest CPE at 40-48 h after adding the virus-containing sample mixture to the cell population.…”

A pilot study for treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia by aerosolized formulation of convalescent human immune plasma exosomes (ChipEXO™)

“…Through their protein and RNA cargo, exosomes can convey biological information to other cells upon uptake via endocytosis ( 17 ). Recently, we reported the antiviral efficacy of convalescent human immune plasma-derived exosome (ChipEXO™) against SARS-CoV-2 using preclinical models ( 18 ). Based on the omics data, the cargo content includes a range of proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA, etc, but it is free of antibodies.…”