“…Nevertheless, several other techniques for the preconcentration and separation of copper have been proposed, including liquid chromatography, 22 supercritical fluid extraction, 23 flotation, 24 aggregate film formation, 25 liquid membrane, 26 column adsorption of pyrocatechol violet-copper complexes on activated carbon, 27 ion pairing, 8,29 preconcentration with yeast, 30 and solid phase extraction (SPE) using C 18 cartridges and disks. [31][32][33]56 Solid phase extractions or liquid-solid extractions are popular and growing techniques that are used to sample preparation for analysis. They are an attractive alternative for classical liquid-liquid extraction methods that reduce solvent usage and exposure, disposal costs and extraction time for sample separation and concentration purposed.…”