Preconcentration and determination of lead and cadmium levels in blood samples of adolescent workers consuming smokeless tobacco products in Pakistan

Arain, Sadaf Sadia; Kazi, Tasneem Gul; Afridi, Hassan Imran; Brahman, Kapil Dev; Naeemullah,; Khan, Sumaira; Panhwar, Abdul Haleem; Kamboh, Muhammad Afzal; Memon, Jamil R.

doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4543-1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Five effect biomarkers were found to exceed normal limits, indicating potential kidney disorders. The table also demonstrates three scholarly publications Arain, et al (2015b) Cd levels in the hair of workers at the battery recycling: 2.12 ± 0.29 (μg/g) or over the normal limit…”

Section: Relationship Between CD Levels Biomarkers Of Exposure and Ef...mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…that discuss the relationship between Cd levels and effect biomarkers associated with kidney disorders among workers in the battery industry. These publications include studies by Gao et al (2016), Bot et al (2020), andArain et al (2015b). Among these, Bot et al (2020) reported that Cd levels in the body that exceed normal limits are associated with a subsequent increase in effect biomarkers beyond the usual range.…”

Section: Relationship Between CD Levels Biomarkers Of Exposure and Ef...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Kidney Disorder Among Workers in the Battery Industry

Choirunnisa’,

Retno Adriyani,

Aanisah

et al. 2023

IJOSH

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Introduction: Workers in the battery industry are at risk of being exposed to cadmium (Cd), which can cause various health problems, including kidney disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between biomarkers of Cd exposure and effect with kidney disorders among workers in the battery industry. Methods: A systematic review approach was used in this study, employing relevant keywords and inclusion criteria to search electronic databases, such as Google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate. The selected articles included research articles published between 2010 and 2020, with cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control study designs. To ensure the quality of the articles reviewed, the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) was used. Results: The CASP tools facilitated the exploration of trustworthy and relevant articles for the literature review. Previous studies revealed that individuals of various ages, ranging from teenagers to adults aged 12-60, both males and females, are commonly employed in the battery industry. Cadmium was detected in the hair, urine, and blood samples of these workers. Previous studies also identified kidney disorders among these workers by analyzing biomarkers such as creatinine, retinol-binding protein, blood urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin, which were all found to be above the normal range. Furthermore, increased Cd levels in the blood of workers caused glomerular disorder and tubular dysfunction, eventually resulting in kidney function disorders. Conclusion: Cd levels in the bodies of workers in the battery industry serves as a reliable biomarker of Cd exposure, and are closely related to the number of effect biomarkers that can contribute to kidney disorders. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring Cd exposure levels among workers in the battery industry.

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Section: Relationship Between CD Levels Biomarkers Of Exposure and Ef...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Relationship Between CD Levels Biomarkers Of Exposure and Ef...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Kidney Disorder Among Workers in the Battery Industry

Choirunnisa’,

Retno Adriyani,

Aanisah

et al. 2023

IJOSH

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“…In IL-DLLME, the dispersion of solvent is usually assisted by an external organic solvent or by an additional energy such as shaking [27], vortexing [28], ultrasound [29], or heating [30]. The dispersive solvents, such as methanol or acetonitrile, usually in the mL range to create a cloudy solution of the extraction solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic effervescent tablet-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in liquid matrix samples

Hu²,

Liu

et al. 2019

Talanta

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Herein, a novel method, magnetic effervescent tablet-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (META-IL-DLLME), was pioneered for extraction and preconcentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in liquid matrix samples. In this proposed method, a magnetic effervescent tablet, containing CO 2 sources, ionic liquids and Fe 3 S 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), combines extractant dispersion and magnetic recovery into one-step. Fe 3 S 4 was synthesized, characterized and applied it for the first time to the newly developed method, and its extraction recoveries (ERs) for PBDEs were 20.8-32.0% higher than those of conventional Fe 3 O 4 MNPs. The increased ERs of Fe 3 S 4 resulted from its larger specific surface area and pore size. Some important parameters were rigorously optimized, such as kinds of magnetic nanoparticles, effervescent agents, extraction solvents and their volumes, elution solvents, extraction temperature and salt addition. Under the optimized conditions, the META-IL-DLLME method combined with HPLC-DAD analysis gave the linear ranges of 0.1-0.5-100 µg L −1 with correlation coefficients of > 0.9990. The ERs ranged from 80.7% to 99.3%, and the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.012-0.078 µg L −1 and 0.04-0.26 µg L −1 , respectively. The intra-and inter-day precisions, expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 6), were 1.32-4.83% and 1.99-4.25%, respectively. To evaluate its matrix effect, the relative recoveries of PBDEs from tap and river water, skim and whole milk, pregnant women and women serum samples at three fortification levels (2.0, 5.0 and 20.0 µg L −1) were in the range of 77.3-106.7%. Overall, the commercial Fe 3 O 4 MNPs can only be used for magnetic separation in microextraction procedures, while Fe 3 S 4 MNPs gave the higher adsorption and extraction efficiency for organic analytes besides the convenient magnetic separation. Therefore, the results obtained in this study provide a superior alternative for the conventional magnetic separation and adsorbent material. Also, this newly developed method has a great potential in routine monitoring of liquid matrix samples.

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Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (VALLME): The Latest Applications

Ojeda

Rojas

2017

Chromatographia

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Preconcentration and determination of lead and cadmium levels in blood samples of adolescent workers consuming smokeless tobacco products in Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 70 publications

Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Kidney Disorder Among Workers in the Battery Industry

Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Kidney Disorder Among Workers in the Battery Industry

Magnetic effervescent tablet-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in liquid matrix samples

Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (VALLME): The Latest Applications

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