Preconcentration and speciation of chromium by the determination of total chromium and chromium(III) in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a chelating ion-exchange flow injection system

Cespón-Romero, R.M.; Yebra-Biurrun, M.C.; Bermejo-Barrera, Pilar

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(96)00062-1

Cited by 181 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Various separation and preconcentration techniques have been used for trace metals, such as solvent extraction, [1][2][3] coprecipitation, [4][5][6] electrodeposition, 7 ion-exchange, [8][9][10] cloud point extraction technique 11 and solid-phase extraction 12 (SPE), adsorption on activated carbon, 13 on dithixone-anchored poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads, 14 on Amberlite resins 15 and on sepiolite. 16 The preconcentration procedures employing a solid phase and applied to atomic spectrometry present some advantageous characteristics, such as simplicity, column applicability and a higher preconcentration factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Escherichia coli Immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 as a Solid-Phase Extractor for Metal Preconcentration and Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Türker

Baytak

2004

ANAL. SCI.

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A sensitive solid-phase extraction technique (SPE) for the enrichment of Fe(III), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cr(III) prior to atomic absorption spectrometric analysis is described. Escherichia coli immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 was used as a solid-phase extractor. The effects of the pH, amount of solid-phase, eluent type and volume of the sample solution on the recovery of the metal ions were investigated. The effect of diverse ions was also investigated. The recoveries of Fe(III), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cr(III) under the optimum conditions were found to be 99 ± 2, 99 ± 3, 98 ± 2, 98 ± 3%, respectively, at the 95% confidence level. The detection limits of the metal ions were found as to be 2.4, 3.8, 1.3 and 1.7 ng ml -1 for Fe(III), Co(II), Mn(II) and Cr(III) respectively, by applying a preconcentration factor of 25. The proposed enrichment method was applied to the determination of analytes in Atatürk Dam water samples, and alloy samples (RSD < 5%). The accuracy of the method was verified on certified alloy samples (NBS SRM 85b and NBS SRM 59a). The analytes were determined with a relative error lower than 5% in water and alloy samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Escherichia coli Immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 as a Solid-Phase Extractor for Metal Preconcentration and Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Türker

Baytak

2004

ANAL. SCI.

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“…For this purpose, various preconcentration/separation methods, such as solvent extraction, 11 coprecipitation, 12 ion exchange, 13 resin chelation 14 and solid phase extraction, [15][16][17][18][19] have been widely used. A solid phase extraction (SPE) technique has found increasing applications for the preconcentration of trace metal ions and the elimination of matrix interference prior to AAS analysis.…”

Section: Faasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Iron, Manganese and Zinc in Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Preconcentration with Solid-Phase Extraction onto Ambersorb 572

Kendüzler

Türker

2002

ANAL. SCI.

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A solid-phase extraction method for the preconcentration of Fe, Mn and Zn on a column containing Ambersorb 572 has been developed, and the determination of Fe, Mn and Zn in water using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) has been performed. The optimum preconcentration parameters of the procedure have been determined. The effect of the pH, complexing agent, amount of adsorbent, flow rate, concentration and volume of the elution solution and interfering ions on the recovery of the analytes were investigated. The recoveries of Fe, Mn and Zn were 99 ± 3%, 98 ± 3% and 99 ± 3% at the 95% confidence level, respectively, under the optimum conditions. Fe, Mn and Zn were preconcentrated up to 50, 100, 200, respectively. The limits of detection of Fe, Mn and Zn are 2.5, 0.68 and 0.24 µg l -1 , respectively. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 10.9, 13.1 and 21.5 mg g -1 for Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of these metal ions in tap-water and river-water samples. The precision and the accuracy of the method is very good. The relative standard deviation and the relative error are lower than 4%.

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“…A Crison standard pH meter with electrode Ingold U 455 was used. The flow system is similar to that reported previously [9]. Materials and vessels used for trace analysis were kept in 10% nitric acid for at least 48 h and subsequently washed three times with ultrapure water before use.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this paper is to study the digestion of mussel samples using microwave energy in high pre s s u re bombs with nitric acid for cadmium determination by a continuous flow injection system, including a preconcentration ion-exchange process, coupled to a flame atomic absorption s p e c t rometer similar to that rep o rted by Cespón-Romero et al [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vessels used for microwave acid digestion can be low [6][7] and high pressure bombs [8]. With high pressure bombs, the pressures and temperatures needed for the total digestion of the sample are reached very quickly, and volatile elements as cadmium are not loss from these sealed vessels.The purpose of this paper is to study the digestion of mussel samples using microwave energy in high pre s s u re bombs with nitric acid for cadmium determination by a continuous flow injection system, including a preconcentration ion-exchange process, coupled to a flame atomic absorption s p e c t rometer similar to that rep o rted by Cespón-Romero et al [9]. …”

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Optimized microwave digestion procedure for cadmium analysis of mussel samples

Yebra

Enríquez

1998

Analusis

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The determ i n ation of cadmium and other trace metals in foods such as mussels provides information on the extent of a q u atic ecosystems contaminat i o n , because these biva l ve s have been widely used as bioindicators of coastal contamination [1], and lead to an evaluation of their suitability for human consumption. Analysis of cadmium in biological and food samples tra d i t i o n a l ly has been perfo rmed by at o m i c absorption spectrometry. This requires a sample preparation b e fo re photometric identifi c ation. Decomposition of the organic matrices of these samples is a neccesary preliminary task for accurate determination of trace elements, because a complete or partial destruction or re m oval of the orga n i c m at rix is re q u i red to minimize chemical and/or phy s i c a l i n t e r fe rences. Exceptions to this are certain beve rage s , t o which it is possible to analyse directly without sample pretreatment. Therefore, digestion of the organic matter is a requisite for cadmium analysis in mussel samples. A great number of wet and dry ashing methods are know n , but it is generally considered that dry ashing causes a loss of cadmium at temperatures over 500 °C [2][3], and wet digestions are tedious and time consuming. Microwave energy is curre n t ly used, since their implementation results in the improvement of existing processes such as digestion. The activation of processes by exposure to microwaves gives rise to faster and cleaner reactions when compared to conventional heating. This type of radiation is characterised by a high penetration effect into the materials, easy handling and rapid energy transfer to the whole sample without surface overheating, which reduces the digestion time to a few minutes [4][5]. The vessels used for microwave acid digestion can be low [6][7] and high pressure bombs [8]. With high pressure bombs, the pressures and temperatures needed for the total digestion of the sample are reached very quickly, and volatile elements as cadmium are not loss from these sealed vessels.The purpose of this paper is to study the digestion of mussel samples using microwave energy in high pre s s u re bombs with nitric acid for cadmium determination by a continuous flow injection system, including a preconcentration ion-exchange process, coupled to a flame atomic absorption s p e c t rometer similar to that rep o rted by Cespón-Romero et al. [9]. Experimental ApparatusTo homo genize the samples an Ultra-Turrax T25 (Janke and Ku n ke l , GmbH and Co. K) and an Omni-Mixer and H o m oge n i zer (Omni Intern at i o n a l , USA) we re used. Th e homogenized samples were freeze-dried with the Bench Top Shell Fre e ze r, model 77570, 7757-01 (Lab c o n d o Corporation, USA). The digestion was carried out in a Parr 4782 Microwave Digestion Bomb (Pa rr Instru m e n t C o rp o rat i o n , U S A ) , wh i ch is designed specifi c a l ly fo r microwave heating. The bomb is made with a new, highstrength microwave-transparent material to enclose a chemically inert teflon sample cup of 45 mL. A...

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Preconcentration and speciation of chromium by the determination of total chromium and chromium(III) in natural waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a chelating ion-exchange flow injection system

Cited by 181 publications

References 19 publications

Use of Escherichia coli Immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 as a Solid-Phase Extractor for Metal Preconcentration and Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Use of Escherichia coli Immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 as a Solid-Phase Extractor for Metal Preconcentration and Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Determination of Iron, Manganese and Zinc in Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Preconcentration with Solid-Phase Extraction onto Ambersorb 572

Optimized microwave digestion procedure for cadmium analysis of mussel samples

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