Preconditioning with L-alanyl-glutamine upon cerebral edema and hypocampus red neurons counting in rats subjected to brain ischemia /reperfusion injury

Abstract

Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study, critical revision, final approval. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of the dipeptide L-alanyl-glutamine (L-Ala-Gln) as a preconditioning agent to potentially promote reduction in the intensity of lesion or induction of resilience in rats subjected to global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS:Thirty-six male Wistar rats weighing 280-300g were randomly assigned to six groups (n=6). Groups Sham 1h and 24hwere treated with saline and spared of further interventions. The remaining groups were submitted to clamping of the common carotid arteries for 30 minutes (ischemia) and treated with saline (SS) or L-Ala-Gln. Brain reperfusion was allowed for 1or 24 h. L-Ala-Gln was administered intravenously (0.75g/kg) 30 minutes before sham procedure or induction of global brain I/R injury. Brain edema and red neuron counting were determined. Results were expressed as Mean±SD for normal results and Median±Percentile for non parametric data. Significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS:Global I/R injury promoted an increase in brain edema at 24 h after reperfusion, whereas preconditioning with L-Ala-Gln induced no change in edema. On the other hand, L-Ala-Gln preconditioning decreased significantly red neurons counting both at 1h and 24h post reperfusion (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:There was a significant preconditioning effect with L-Ala-Gln decreasing cell death (red neurons counting) at early (1h) and late reperfusion (24h) in the cerebral tissue.

Protective Effects Oncorneal Endothelium During Intracameral Irrigation Using N-(2)-l-alanyl-l-Glutamine

“…Ala-Gln supplementation was found to reduce the release of inflammatory factors, attenuate the inflammatory response, increase proliferation, and prevent apoptosis and oxidative injury under different physiological conditions in a similar manner to that of glutamine (Haynes et al, 2009;Cunha Filho et al, 2011;Ueno et al, 2011;Nosworthy et al, 2016). Several studies have showed the protective effects of Ala-Gln against the injury induced by myocardial, intestinal, hepatic or cerebral ischemia reperfusion (Tazuke et al, 2003;Araujo Junior et al, 2011;Vasconcelos et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2018). In addition, Ala-Gln is usually used in enteral nutrition.…”

Investigating the protective effect of glutamine against cerebral ischemia and bilateral carotid occlusion in rats

“…Several studies have shown that glutamine reduces IR damage in many tissues and organs, but there are a limited number of studies that have shown its effects on IR injury in brain tissue. [20] In the current study, we used Wistar albino rats as the experimental animal model, as small rodents, particularly rats, are preferred in constructing the cerebral ischemia model due to their similarity to human cerebral physiology and vascularization. The rodents' small brain masses also provide good fixation in procedures, such as paraffin embedding and frozen sectioning.…”

“…Several studies have shown that glutamine reduces IR damage in many tissues and organs, but there are a limited number of studies that have shown its effects on IR injury in brain tissue. [ 20 ]…”

“…Vasconcelos et al[ 20 ] induced cerebral ischemia in rats by clamping the common carotid artery for 30 min and they, then, performed reperfusion by removing the clamp. The glutamine administered was found to have statistically significantly altered the red neuron scores and water content of the brain tissue.…”