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AimSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most important antidepressants. However, there is limited research on predicting the occurrence of treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) after 5 years. Examining the predictive effect of TRD occurrence using resting‐state fMRI in patients initiating SSRIs treatment at the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) could potentially enhance TRD management.MethodsA total of 60 first‐episode drug‐naive MDD patients who met the criteria, along with 41 healthy controls of Han Chinese ethnicity, were recruited. All MDD patients received SSRIs as the initial treatment for relieving depressive symptoms. Resting‐state fMRI scans were conducted for all subjects. Follow‐up assessments were conducted over a period of five years, during which MDD patients were categorized into treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) and non‐treatment‐resistant depression (NRD) groups based on disease progression. Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) values were calculated and compared among the three groups. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to identify potential predictors.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow‐up, it was found that 43 MDD patients were classified as NRD, while 17 were classified as TRD. In comparison to TRD, NRD exhibited decreased ALFF in the left middle cingulum gyrus (MCG.L) and in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), as well as decreased ReHo in MCG.L. Furthermore, NRD showed increased fALFF in the left precuneus (PCUN.L). The area under the curve (AUC) values were as follows: 0.724 (MCG.L by ALFF), 0.732 (MFG.R), 0.767 (PCUN.L), 0.774 (MCG.L by ReHo), 0.878 (combined), 0.547 (HAMD), and 0.408 (HAMA) respectively.ConclusionThe findings suggest that PCUN.L, MFG.R, MCG.L, and the combined measures may indicate the possibility of developing TRD after 5 years when SSRIs are used as the initial therapy for relieving depressive symptoms in MDD patients.
AimSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most important antidepressants. However, there is limited research on predicting the occurrence of treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) after 5 years. Examining the predictive effect of TRD occurrence using resting‐state fMRI in patients initiating SSRIs treatment at the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) could potentially enhance TRD management.MethodsA total of 60 first‐episode drug‐naive MDD patients who met the criteria, along with 41 healthy controls of Han Chinese ethnicity, were recruited. All MDD patients received SSRIs as the initial treatment for relieving depressive symptoms. Resting‐state fMRI scans were conducted for all subjects. Follow‐up assessments were conducted over a period of five years, during which MDD patients were categorized into treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) and non‐treatment‐resistant depression (NRD) groups based on disease progression. Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) values were calculated and compared among the three groups. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to identify potential predictors.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow‐up, it was found that 43 MDD patients were classified as NRD, while 17 were classified as TRD. In comparison to TRD, NRD exhibited decreased ALFF in the left middle cingulum gyrus (MCG.L) and in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), as well as decreased ReHo in MCG.L. Furthermore, NRD showed increased fALFF in the left precuneus (PCUN.L). The area under the curve (AUC) values were as follows: 0.724 (MCG.L by ALFF), 0.732 (MFG.R), 0.767 (PCUN.L), 0.774 (MCG.L by ReHo), 0.878 (combined), 0.547 (HAMD), and 0.408 (HAMA) respectively.ConclusionThe findings suggest that PCUN.L, MFG.R, MCG.L, and the combined measures may indicate the possibility of developing TRD after 5 years when SSRIs are used as the initial therapy for relieving depressive symptoms in MDD patients.
ObjectivesTo date, the majority of research on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in the developing brain has primarily centered on adolescents and adults, leaving a gap in understanding variations in spontaneous brain activity at rest in preterm infants. This study aimed to uncover and comprehend the distinctions in spontaneous brain activity between preterm and term infants, with the goal of establishing a foundation for assessing the condition of preterm infants.MethodsIn this study, 14 term infants and 15 preterm infants with equivalent gestational age were carefully chosen from the neonatal unit of Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) intensity was assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine brain activity in both groups. Subsequently, the differences between the term and preterm infants were statistically analyzed using a two-sample t-test. A p-value of <0.05, corrected for the REST Gaussian Random Fields, was deemed to be statistically significant.ResultsIn comparison to the term infant group, the preterm infant group exhibited a significant increase in the ALFF value in the left precuneus, left frontal superior orbital gyrus, and left calcarine cortex.ConclusionSignificant variances in spontaneous brain activity have been observed in various regions between term infants and preterm infants of equivalent gestational age. These variations could potentially impact the emotional and cognitive development of preterm infants in the long term.
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