Precursor-Boosted Production of Metabolites in Nasturtium officinale Microshoots Grown in Plantform Bioreactors, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Biomass Extracts

Abstract

The study demonstrated the effects of precursor feeding on the production of glucosinolates (GSLs), flavonoids, polyphenols, saccharides, and photosynthetic pigments in Nasturtium officinale microshoot cultures grown in Plantform bioreactors. It also evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts. L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-tryptophan (Trp) as precursors were tested at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mM. They were added at the beginning (day 0) or on day 10 of the culture. Microshoots were harvested after 20 days. Microshoots treated with 3.0 mM Phe (day 0) had the highest total GSL content (269.20 mg/100 g DW). The qualitative and quantitative profiles of the GSLs (UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS) were influenced by precursor feeding. Phe at 3.0 mM stimulated the best production of 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (149.99 mg/100 g DW) and gluconasturtiin (36.17 mg/100 g DW). Total flavonoids increased to a maximum of 1364.38 mg/100 g DW with 3.0 mM Phe (day 0), and polyphenols to a maximum of 1062.76 mg/100 g DW with 3.0 mM Trp (day 0). The precursors also increased the amounts of p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and rutoside, and generally increased the production of active photosynthetic pigments. Antioxidant potential increased the most with 0.1 mM Phe (day 0) (CUPRAC, FRAP), and with 0.5 mM Trp (day 10) (DPPH). The extracts of microshoots treated with 3.0 mM Phe (day 0) showed the most promising bacteriostatic activity against microaerobic Gram-positive acne strains (MIC 250–500 µg/mL, 20–21 mm inhibition zones). No extract was cytotoxic to normal human fibroblasts over the tested concentration range (up to 250 μg/mL).

Antioxidant Potential and Enhancement of Bioactive Metabolite Production in In Vitro Cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. by Biotechnological Methods

“…Phe can be used in the cells as a substrate for metabolite biosynthesis (higher concentrations) or act as an activator of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (lower concentrations). The method and scheme of the precursor addition are also crucial; for example, Edahiro et al proved that the repeated administration of phenylalanine to a suspension culture of strawberry cells ( Fragaria × ananassa ) resulted in the continuous production of anthocyanins [ 49 ].…”

Impact of Foliar Application of Amino Acids on Essential Oil Content, Odor Profile, and Flavonoid Content of Different Mint Varieties in Field Conditions

“…Furthermore, the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids is an example of a feedback mechanism, which means that a higher production of tryptophan will induce the carbon flux towards the production of phenylalanine and tyrosine [ 67 ]. Tryptophan influence on total flavonoid content in Nasturtium officinale microshoots was observed by Klimek-Szczykutowicz et al [ 68 ]. However, the authors state that the most effective amino acid for improving total flavonoid synthesis was phenylalanine.…”

GreenTray®, a TIS Bioreactor for Plant Micropropagation and Abiotic or Biotic Stress Bioassays

“…The extraction of shoots with forceps from in vitro culture containers, as well as from TIS bioreactors, followed by arranging them on sterile surfaces in order to divide them with the help of surgical scalpels and their subsequent introduction into new culture containers, a process known as subculturing in the conventional in vitro culture process, is time-consuming and represents a significant portion the hand labor involved in most in vitro plant culture processes. The components of the actual GreenTray ® TIS bioreactor described herein, which is a further evolution of the ones presented in the past [31,32], make it significantly improved and versatile compared to other commercial TIS bioreactors, such as RITA ® , Matis ® , Plantform TM , SETIS TM [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], or the TIS developed by several in vitro plant culture laboratories oriented to solve particular propagation objectives for diverse plant species [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…Temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactors have been developed over recent decades to favor plantlet or shoot development. The best-known commercial ones are RITA ® , its bigger version Matis ® [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], Plantform TM [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and SETIS TM [15][16][17]. In addition, there are several other TISs developed for particular purposes by in vitro plant culture laboratories [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”