Precursors and Manufacturing of Carbon Fibers

Park, Soo‐Jin; Heo, Gun‐Young

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9478-7_2

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Generally, the comonomers are widely used in PAN-based polymer precursors. A formulation using acrylonitrile (AN) monomer and various acids such as itaconic and methacrylic was reported to improve CF properties by reducing interaction between the highly polar nitrile groups which increased segment mobility and crystalline orientation [10]. Therefore, a solution of bagasse lignin was mixed with PAN solution and the obtained fiber contained 25% lignin on a dry weight basis.…”

Section: Molecular Weight Of Bagasse Lignin and Morphology Of Electromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high carbon content, lignin from various sources is also the most-studied biological resource for carbon fiber (CF) precursor [6][7][8][9]. For commercial CF, almost 80% use polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a linear polymer derived from petroleum as a precursor, while 20% use rayon and petroleum pitch [10]. Due to its suitable chemical structure, PAN carbon fiber offers excellent mechanical properties [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the potential for utilization of sugarcane bagasse lignin for carbon fiber production: Thailand case study

et al. 2019

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Lignin is an attractive biomaterial to replace petroleum aromatics due to its intrinsic aromatic structure and availability. In Thailand, the sugar industry has potential as a source of around 7.5 million tons of lignin per annum. Sugarcane bagasse lignin was developed as a low-cost precursor in carbon fiber production to replace polyacrylonitrile, a petroleum-derived polymer using the electrospinning technique. A technical study and financial assessment of carbon fiber production feasibility from bagasse lignin at the laboratory scale were performed in parallel, and the Thai carbon fiber market was surveyed. Results showed that electrospun carbon nanofiber could be produced from a mixture of 25% lignin and 75% polyacrylonitrile with diameter of 171 nm. The surface area of carbon nanofiber produced from lignin-polyacrylonitrile mixture was higher than that of pure polyacrylonitrile. However, increasing lignin content in the mixture resulted in lower conductivity. Lignin-polyacrylonitrile carbon nanofiber obtained was appropriate for those where higher surface area was required rather than structural application. A market survey indicated increasing exploitation of carbon fiber in Thailand during the last 5 years even though there was no industrial production of carbon fiber due to technical and financial constraints. Both carbon nanofiber and lignin production costs at laboratory scale (12.4 $/g) were 27 times lower compared to commercial carbon nanofiber (343.4 $/g) available in a similar form. This price difference presents an opportunity to further development of carbon nanofiber for industrial application, although intensive research and development are still required.

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Section: Molecular Weight Of Bagasse Lignin and Morphology Of Electromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the potential for utilization of sugarcane bagasse lignin for carbon fiber production: Thailand case study

et al. 2019

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“…Carbon fibers (CFs) are fibers consisting of about 90% carbon elements with high strength (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) GPa) and modulus (200-500 GPa) [1][2][3][4]. They display good thermo-chemical stability in nonoxidative environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Carbon Nano-Fibers with Improved Oxidation Resistance

Al-Ajrash

Lafdi

2019

Ceramics

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Hybrid Carbon-Silicon Carbide (C-SiC) nano-fibers were fabricated while using a mixture of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and silicon (Si) nanoparticles as precursors. The microstructure of the material was examined using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy as a function of processing temperature and holding time. A complete transformation of Si to SiC occurred at 1250 • C. However, for heat treatments below 1000 • C, three distinct phases, including Si, C, and SiC were present. The effect of microstructural changes, due to the heat treatment, on oxidation resistance was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the char yield showed exponential growth with increasing the carbonization temperature from 850 • C to 1250 • C. The holding times at higher temperatures showed a significant increase in thermal properties because of SiC grain growth. At longer holding times, the SiC phase has the function of bothcoating and reinforcing phase. Such structural changes were related to fibers mechanical properties. The tensile strength was the highest for fiber carbonized fibers at 850 • C, while the modulus increased monotonically with increasing carbonization temperature.

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“…[31][32][33][34][35] Though FCF can be produced from various precursors, the polyacrylonitrile (PAN), an attic and linear polymer, which contains highly polar nitrile groups, is the most popular acrylic precursor, widely used to produce the FCF. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Due to the strong dipoledipole interactions between the nitrile groups, the PAN assumes a conformation of the irregular helical type. 36 The manufacturing process of the FCF from PAN consists of the thermal treatment of the PAN wires, this process is critical to obtaining high-quality carbon fibers and could take up to several hours, depending on the temperature, precursor diameter, and precursor fiber characteristics.…”

Section: Flexible Carbon Fiber Electrodes: Synthesis and Surface Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high-strength applications, the carbonization temperature in the range of 1500-1600 °C is preferred because at temperatures above 1600 °C, a decrease in the tensile strength occurs. 38 The third step consists of graphitization and occurs at a temperature > 2000 °C which generates the sp 2 hybridization, thus making it a conductive material. This step also improves the orientation of the basal planes and the stiffness of the FCFs.…”

Section: Flexible Carbon Fiber Electrodes: Synthesis and Surface Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioeletrocatálise de etanol utilizando álcool desidrogenase em eletrodos de carbono funcionalizados com quinonas: da eletroquímica molecular para uma abordagem operando em resonância paramagnética de elétrons

Ali¹

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Ethanol bioelectrocatalysis using alcohol dehydrogenase on quinone-functionalized carbon-based electrodes: from molecular electrochemistry to operando-electron paramagnetic resonance approach São Carlos 2019 Mian Abdul Ali Ethanol bioelectrocatalysis using alcohol dehydrogenase on quinone-functionalized carbon-based electrodes: from molecular electrochemistry to operando-electron paramagnetic resonance approach

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Precursors and Manufacturing of Carbon Fibers

Cited by 66 publications

References 84 publications

Investigation of the potential for utilization of sugarcane bagasse lignin for carbon fiber production: Thailand case study

Investigation of the potential for utilization of sugarcane bagasse lignin for carbon fiber production: Thailand case study

Hybrid Carbon Nano-Fibers with Improved Oxidation Resistance

Bioeletrocatálise de etanol utilizando álcool desidrogenase em eletrodos de carbono funcionalizados com quinonas: da eletroquímica molecular para uma abordagem operando em resonância paramagnética de elétrons

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