“…Young children born to low-income, minority, adolescent mothers are at increased risk of developing behavior problems (Borkowski et al, 2007; Coley & Chase-Lansdale, 1998; Furstenburg, Brooks-Gunn, & Morgan, 1987; Pogarsky, Thornberry, & Lizotte, 2006), which can be precursors to later delinquency and conduct disorders (Brook, Whiteman, Finch,, & Cohen, 1996; Fergusson, Horwood,, & Ridder, 2005; Fergusson & Lynskey, 1998; Fronstin, Greenberg, & Robins, 2005). Urban, minority, adolescent mothers and their children are also particularly vulnerable to community and interpersonal violence (Kennedy, 2006), both of which have been linked to increased externalizing and internalizing behavior in young children (Linares et al, 2001; Margolin & Gordis, 2004; Osofsky, 1999).…”