Precursors of self‐regulation in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder

Garon, Nancy; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Bryson, Susan E.; Smith, Isabel M.; Brian, Jessica; Roncadin, Caroline; Vaillancourt, Tracy; Armstrong, Vickie; Sacrey, Lori‐Ann R.; Roberts, Wendy

doi:10.1111/desc.13247

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In turn, the development of self-regulatory skills likely impacts on several aspects of child development. In particular, using a person-centered approach to explore heterogeneity of early temperament precursors of regulation, Garon et al (2022) found a three-profile solution (well-regulated, low attention focus, and low attention shifting) during infancy and toddlerhood, and a higher proportion of children diagnosed with ASD were classified into the low attention shifting profile. These findings suggest that the combination of early positive affect with attention measures may provide an enhanced tool for prediction of self-regulation and later outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Special issue on development of self‐regulation, cognitive control, and executive function, Part I: Editorial note

Chevalier

Lipina

Scerif

et al. 2022

Developmental Science

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Special issue on development of self‐regulation, cognitive control, and executive function, Part I: Editorial note

Chevalier

Lipina

Scerif

et al. 2022

Developmental Science

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“…Thus, the relationship between ASD and temperament may be driven by the presence of internalizing/externalizing behaviors. Second, although IL siblings with ASD show lower scores on developmental scales (such as Mullen, 1995 ) compared to IL siblings without ASD ( Longard et al, 2017 ), and these scores are related to temperament profiles ( Garon et al, 2022 ), the Expressive and Receptive Language subscales did not affect any of the relationships between temperamental subscales at 6, 12, and 24 months (or temperament profile) and internalizing and externalizing problem scales. Therefore, the relationship between temperament and the presence of internalizing/externalizing behaviors does not appear to be influenced by developmental ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify groups of children who differed on temperament measures of attention and positive affect using scores from two scales at 6 and 12 months (Duration of Orientation and Smiling/Laughter) and three scales at 24 months (Attentional Focusing, Attentional Shifting, Positive Anticipation). To be included in the LPA analyses, at least one temperament questionnaire had to be completed at 6, 12, and/or 24 months ( Garon et al, 2022 ). As recommended by Masyn (2013) , four different specifications of the variance-covariance structure were used to select the best fit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Profile 2 was labeled “sticky attention” due to its combination of high Duration of Orientation and low score on Attentional Shifting. Profile 3 was labeled “well-regulated” due to its high score on both Attentional Shifting and Attentional Focus ( Garon et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we aimed to identify: (1) differences in subscales on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; Rothbart and Derryberry, 1981 ) at 6 and 12 months and the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire-Revised (TBAQ-R; Rothbart et al, 2003 ) at 24 months between children who are diagnosed with ASD by age 5 (IL-ASD) and children who are not diagnosed with ASD by age 5 (IL-N), (2) if individual subscales on the IBQ ( Rothbart and Derryberry, 1981 ) at 6 and 12 months and the TBAQ-R ( Rothbart et al, 2003 ) at 24 months could predict internalizing and externalizing total problem behaviors as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach and Rescorla, 2000 ) at age 5; and (3) if person-centered temperament profiles, created from the temperament questionnaires at 6, 12, and 24 months using latent profile analysis, could predict internalizing and externalizing total problem behaviors at age 5. Because siblings with ASD have lower scores on developmental measures, such as the Mullen Scales of Early Learning ( Mullen, 1995 ) compared to siblings without ASD ( Longard et al, 2017 ; Patterson et al, 2021 ), and Mullen scores are related to temperament profiles ( Garon et al, 2022 ), we controlled for developmental influences on the relationship between temperament and problematic behavior by including the Receptive and Expressive Language subscales of the Mullen in our analyses. We hypothesized that: (1) children who are diagnosed with ASD by age 5 (IL-ASD) would have higher rates of negative emotionality and lower rates of positive emotionality on the temperament measures at 6, 12, and 24 months compared to the IL-N group, (2) individual subscales on the temperament measures and temperament profiles would predict internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors at age 5, and (3) developmental ability, as measured by expressive and receptive language, will affect the relationship between temperament and problem behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperament in Infancy Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behavior at Age 5 in Children With an Increased Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2022

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Differences in temperament have been linked to later mental health. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased likelihood of experiencing such problems, including anxiety, depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder; yet, relations between early temperament and later mental health are not well understood. In this paper, we assess the relationship between temperament in infancy and internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 5, in 178 children at an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with ASD (i.e., younger siblings of children with ASD). Temperament was assessed using the parent-reported Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) at 6 and 12 months of age and the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire-Revised (TBAQ-R) at 24 months of age. Mental health problems were assessed using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at age 5. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regressions, with individual temperament subscale scores as single predictor variables (Subscale Score) or temperament profiles using confirmatory factor analyses (Person-Centered Profile) in the first block, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule total severity scores at age 3 in the second block, and expressive and receptive language scores (from Mullen Scales of Early Learning) at age 3 in the third block for each model. Three main findings were: (1) 4 of 6 IBQ subscales at both 6 and 12 months significantly predicted internalizing and externalizing problems at age 5; (2) 9 and 8 of 13 TBAQ-R subscales at 24 months significantly predicted internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively, at age 5; and (3) a “sticky attention” temperament profile significantly predicted internalizing problems, whereas a “low-focused” profile significantly predicted externalizing problems, both at age 5. The results of this study support the supposition that temperament is a trans-diagnostic risk factor for later mental health conditions. Exploring temperament profiles and trajectories may illuminate early avenues for prevention in siblings of children with ASD who are at an increased likelihood of experiencing mental health problems, regardless of ASD diagnostic status.

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Using the Infant Sibling-Design to Explore Associations Between Autism and ADHD Traits in Probands and Temperament in the Younger Siblings

Konke

Falck‐Ytter

Jones

et al. 2023

J Autism Dev Disord

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The purpose of the current study was to use the infant sibling design to explore whether proband traits of autism and ADHD could provide information about their infant sibling’s temperament. This could help us to gain information about the extent to which infant temperament traits are differentially associated with autism and ADHD traits. We used parent-ratings of autistic traits and ADHD traits (CRS-3) in older siblings diagnosed with autism (age range 4 to 19 years), and their infant siblings’ temperament traits (IBQ) at 9 months of age in 216 sibling pairs from two sites (BASIS, UK, and EASE, Sweden) to examine associations across siblings. We found specific, but modest, associations across siblings after controlling for sex, age, developmental level and site. Proband autistic traits were specifically related to low levels of approach in the infant siblings, with infant developmental level explaining part of the variance in infant approach. Proband ADHD traits were specifically related to high levels of infant activity even after controlling for covariates. Our findings suggest that proband traits of autism and ADHD carry information for infant sibling’s temperament, indicating that inherited liability may influence early emerging behaviours in infant siblings. The impact of sex, age, developmental level and site are discussed.

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Precursors of self‐regulation in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Special issue on development of self‐regulation, cognitive control, and executive function, Part I: Editorial note

Special issue on development of self‐regulation, cognitive control, and executive function, Part I: Editorial note

Temperament in Infancy Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behavior at Age 5 in Children With an Increased Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Using the Infant Sibling-Design to Explore Associations Between Autism and ADHD Traits in Probands and Temperament in the Younger Siblings

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