Predation and Control Efficacies ofMisgurnus mizolepis(Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) TowardCulex pipiens molestus(Diptera: Culicidae) and Fish Toxicity of Temephos in Laboratory and Septic Tank Conditions

Abstract

Culex pipiens molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae) is the dominant mosquito species in septic tanks in South Korea. An assessment was made of the biological control potential of mud loaches, Misgurnus mizolepis Günther (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), toward Cx. p. molestus larvae in laboratory and septic tanks. Results were compared with those of temephos 20% emulsifiable concentrate. In laboratory tests, all mud loaches survived on sedimentation chamber- and effluent chamber-collected water of aerobic septic tanks (ASTs), whereas all mud loaches died within 3-12 h after introduction into sedimentation chamber- and effluent chamber-collected water of anaerobic septic tanks, Gill hyperplasia and hemorrhages at the bases of pectoral fins were detected in all dead mud loaches. These appeared to have been caused by bacterial disease, rather than the physical and chemical characteristics of the septic tank water. A mud loach consumed an average range of 1,072-1,058 larvae of Cx. p. molestus in the AST water at 24 h. At the manufacturer's recommended rate (10 ml/ton) in the AST water, the temephos formulation did not cause fish mortality. In the AST experiment, predation of mosquito larvae by mud loaches at a release rate of one fish per 900 mosquito larvae resulted in complete mosquito control from the third day after treatment throughout the 18-wk survey period, compared with temephos 20% emulsifiable concentrate-treated AST water (reduction rate, 40% at 28 days after treatment). Reasonable mosquito control in aerobic septic tanks can be achieved by mosquito breeding season stocking of a rate of one mud loach per 900 mosquito larvae.

Spatiotemporal modeling of ecological and sociological predictors of West Nile virus in Suffolk County, NY, mosquitoes

“…In Puerto Rico, poorly maintained and inadequately covered septic tanks were found to contribute to the production of Culex mosquitoes, though studies in the area were focused on Aedes mosquitoes that transmit dengue fever ( Barrera et al 2008 , Burke et al 2010 ). Similar associations between septic systems and vector mosquitoes have been found in India ( Yadav et al 1997 ), Turkey ( Cetin et al 2007 ), and South Korea ( Chae et al 2014 ). The number of unsewered parcels in Suffolk County was estimated by superimposing a polygon map of sewered areas and a map of all residential parcels.…”

“…), and South Korea (Chae et al. ). The number of unsewered parcels in Suffolk County was estimated by superimposing a polygon map of sewered areas and a map of all residential parcels.…”

Investigation of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in controlling mosquito larvae under field conditions in Zhejiang province, China

“…Fish have been used for mosquito control for more than 100 years, and many species were found to be effective, like Gambusia a nis, Poecilia reticulata, and Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) in America, Betta splendens in Thailand [15,[18][19][20]. However, when using sh as one of biological methods to control mosquitoes, sh species would be highly concerned, because introduction of foreign species might lead to biological invasion, and destroy the original ecological balance [7,8].…”