Predation, Reproduction, and Impact of Phytoseiid Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Cyclamen Mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on Strawberry

Abstract

ABSTRACf Abilities of phytoseiid mites to attack, reproduce, and control cyclamen mite, Phytonemus pallidus (Banks), on strawberry were assessed. In laboratory feeding tests, Typhlndromus pyri Scheuten, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman), and N. califomicus (Chant) attacked P. pallidus most often; Amblyseius andersoni Chant fed on the cycalmen mite most successfully, and Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) had difficulty piercing the hardened body of adults. Net predation was T. pyri > N. falJJJCis > N. califomicus > A. andersoni > G. occidentalis. Although several species fed on cyclamen mites, some are more common on strawberry or are more proven as effective predators of P. pallidus and thus later reproduction and pest control tests were conducted with only 2 species. When held with excess cyclamen mites, survival and immature production of N. falJJJCis were-50% of when feeding on a more preferred prey, Tetranychus urticae Koch and like levels for N. cucumeris (Oudemans), a proven effective predator of P. pallidus. When releases of N. fallacis or N. cucumeris were made to plants with moderate densities of cyclamen mites and T. urticae, pests were controlled sooner and damage to plants was less with N. fallacis than N. cucumeris. Releases of both phytoseiids to plants infested with high densities of only cyclamen mites produced fewer of either N. falJJJCis or N. cucumeris than when both pests were present, but there was better pest control (less plant damage) and again, N. falJJJCisgave slightly better control than N. cucumeris. Although N.fallacis gave more rapid control of both pests, N. cucumeris may give longer-term regulation at lower densities. Differences in life histories may dictate that unique methods of release are needed for N. falJJJCis versus N. cucumeris and mixed releases of both may be effective.

Os tricomas de Capsicum spp. interferem nos aspectos biológicos do ácaro-branco, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae)?

“…É importante salientar que os resultados aqui obtidos estimam o potencial de P. latus em cada uma das espécies estudadas. Isso, no entanto, não implica que as espécies mais favoráveis sejam atacadas, em situações de campo, rigorosamente na mesma proporção observada nesses estudos de laboratório, uma vez que no campo há diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos atuando sobre esses organismos (Li & Li 1986, Croft et al 1998. Além disso, estruturas como tricomas e/ou domácias podem agir indiretamente, benefi ciando a presença de inimigos naturais de herbívoros nessas plantas, como já foi observado em outros sistemas (Marquis & Whelan 1996, Duso & Pasini 2003, Matos et al 2004.…”

Interactions among phytophagous mites, and introduced and naturally occurring predatory mites, on strawberry in the UK

“…In these experiments T. pyri consumed fewer prey than N. californicus or N. cucumeris. In other laboratory studies of predation on P. pallidus by phytoseiids, Croft et al (1998a) found that T. pyri consumed the greatest number of prey when compared with four other phytoseiid species, including N. californicus. However, those experiments were done on artiWcial substrates rather than the leaf arenas we used here.…”

“…Releases of T. pyri against T. urticae in strawberry in the UK proved ineVective (Easterbrook 1992) whereas in Moravia T. pyri gave good control of the pest (Zacharda and Hluchy 1997). In laboratory studies in USA (Croft et al 1998a) T. pyri was found to be a good predator of P. pallidus. However, experimental Weld releases were not attempted there since T. pyri had rarely been reported naturally occurring in strawberry in the experimental area (Hadam et al 1986).…”

Mites and ticks (Acari). Chapter 7.4

“…Th e fi rst superfamily is represented by a single family with aliens, Phytoseiidae, which are predators of spider mites. In Europe, species such as Phytoseiulus persimilis, Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) californicus and Iphesius (Amblyseius) degenerans are used as biological control agents against phytophagous pests (Bartlett 1992, Croft et al 1998, Easterbrook 1996, EPPO 2002, Garcia Mari and Gonzalez-Zamora 1999, Helle and Sabelis 1985, McMurtry and Croft 1997. Th ree families of Dermanyssoidea contain alien species.…”

“…Albajes R, Gullino ML, van Lenteren JC, Elad Y (1999) Croft et al (1998), Easterbrook (1996), EPPO (2002), Garcia Mari and Gonzalez-Zamora (1999), Helle and Sabelis (1985), McMurtry and Croft (1997), Šefrová and Laštůvka (2005) Amblyseius ( Bigliocchi and Maroli (1995), Eriksson (1990), Hughes (1976), Musken et al (2000), Piotrowski (1990), Razowski (1997) …”