Predation risk increases dispersal distance in prey

Otsuki, Hatsune; Yano, Shuichi

doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1181-3

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Costs caused by both biotic and abiotic stressors might have made T. kanzawai females reluctant to disperse, resulting in the similar between‐patch dispersal patterns of predator‐experienced and ‐naïve females in our study. The reluctance of spider mites to disperse has been demonstrated in previous studies (Hinomoto & Takafuji, ; Otsuki & Yano, ), in which spider mites that disperse in response to food deterioration, rather than predator intrusion, mostly settle in adjacent patches. Therefore, we predict that spider mite females can minimize costly between‐patch oviposition site selection by micro‐oviposition shifts, thereby maximizing their inclusive fitness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…After 30 min of acclimation, we connected the initial patches to two consecutive flat uninfested leaf squares (10 × 10 mm; “second/third patches”) via Parafilm bridges (Figure ). We preliminarily confirmed that both experienced and naïve T. kanzawai females were not attracted to leaf squares at a distance of 30 mm (see Otsuki & Yano, for detailed methods), such that the adjacent patches did not affect female dispersal and settlement decisions. We recorded the number of T. kanzawai females that had dispersed from the initial patches every 24 h for 3 days, after which T. kanzawai offspring in the initial patches hatched.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…After 30 min of acclimation, we connected the initial patches to two consecutive flat uninfested leaf squares (10 × 10 mm; "second/third patches") via (Figure 3). We preliminarily confirmed that both experienced and naïve T. kanzawai females were not attracted to leaf squares at a distance of 30 mm (see Otsuki & Yano, 2014b…”

Section: Between-patch Dispersal Of Predatorexperienced and -Naïvementioning

confidence: 56%

“…Therefore, 2 days after predator introduction, we counted the surviving eggs on the leaf surfaces and webs in the initial patches. Because another preliminary test showed that predators in the initial patches were not attracted to the traps at a distance of 30 mm (see Otsuki & Yano, for detailed methods), any dispersed predators were considered to have abandoned the initial patches; that is, the traps did not affect predator patch exploitation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within‐patch oviposition site shifts by spider mites in response to prior predation risks decrease predator patch exploitation

Otsuki

Yano

2017

Ethology

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In egg‐laying animals with no post‐oviposition parental care, between‐ or within‐patch oviposition site selection can determine offspring survival. However, despite the accumulation of evidence supporting the substantial impact predators have on oviposition site selection, few studies have examined whether oviposition site shift within patches (“micro‐oviposition shift”) reduces predation risk to offspring. The benefits of prey micro‐oviposition shift are underestimated in environments where predators cannot disperse from prey patches. In this study, we examined micro‐oviposition shift by the herbivorous mite Tetranychus kanzawai in response to the predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi, by testing its effects on predator patch exploitation in situations where predatory mites were free to disperse from prey patches. Adult T. kanzawai females construct three‐dimensional webs on leaf surfaces and usually lay eggs under the webs; however, females that have experienced predation risks, shift oviposition sites onto the webs even in the absence of current predation risks. We compared the predation of eggs on webs deposited by predator‐experienced females with those on leaf surfaces. Predatory mites left prey patches with more eggs unpredated when higher proportions of prey eggs were located on webs, and egg survival on webs was much higher than that on leaf surfaces. These results indicate that a micro‐oviposition shift by predator‐experienced T. kanzawai protects offspring from predation, suggesting adaptive learning and subsociality in this species. Conversely, fecundity and longevity of predator‐experienced T. kanzawai females were not reduced compared to those of predator‐naïve females; we could not detect any costs associated with the learned micro‐oviposition shift. Moreover, the previously experienced predation risks did not promote between‐patch dispersal of T. kanzawai females against subsequently encountered predators. Based on these results, the relationships of between‐patch oviposition site selection and micro‐oviposition shift are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Between-patch Dispersal Of Predatorexperienced and -Naïvementioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Within‐patch oviposition site shifts by spider mites in response to prior predation risks decrease predator patch exploitation

Otsuki

Yano

2017

Ethology

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“…The stronger competitor and/or predator makes the weaker one to leave preferable habitats and shift to less favourable ones (e.g. Otsuki and Yano 2014). The outcompeted individuals increase their activity, even facing the risk of being preyed by a top predator or not finding an alternative suitable space to live (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conquerors or exiles? Impact of interference competition among invasive Ponto-Caspian gammarideans on their dispersal rates

2016

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Ponto-Caspian gammarids have invaded European waters, affecting local communities by predation and competition. Their ranges and dispersal rates vary across Europe, which may result from their interspecific interactions, accelerating or reducing migrations. We checked this hypothesis by testing interference competition among co-occurring invaders: Dikerogammarus villosus, D. haemobaphes and Pontogammarus robustoides. We used 140-cm long tanks (gravel substratum), divided into seven compartments. We introduced 25 ''residents'' into the outermost compartment, separated with a barrier. After 1 h, we introduced 25 ''intruders''. After the next 1 h, we removed the barrier and the gammarids dispersed in the tank. After 4 or 20 h, we counted the gammarids in the compartments. We tested all pairwise species combinations and single-species controls. Dikerogammarus villosus displaced other species (P. robustoides only after 4 h) and reduced its own motility after 20 h in their presence. Pontogammarus robustoides stimulated the short-time migrations of D. villosus intruders and of D. haemobaphes. As P. robustoides migrated spontaneously much more than Dikerogammarus spp., its impact decreased after longer time. Dikerogammarus haemobaphes stimulated the short-time movement of P. robustoides intruders but reduced the longtime relocation of this species. In general, gammarid dispersal increased in the presence of stronger competitors (D. villosus and P. robustoides, especially residents) and decreased in response to weaker competitors (D. haemobaphes). Thus, competitive interactions may affect dispersal of invasive gammarids and contribute to the fastest spread of the weakest competitor, D. haemobaphes observed in the field, whereas the strongest species, D. villosus was the latest newcomer in many novel areas.

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Intraguild predator drives forest edge avoidance of a mesopredator

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Interactions between top predators and mesopredators of the same guild often result in habitat segregation restricting interactions to shared habitat edges. Although negative edge effects are recognized as important spatial patterns in the ecology of fragmented landscapes, the underlying mechanisms of predator-prey interactions resulting in negative edge effects remain unknown. To disentangle top-down effects of intraguild predators and bottom-up effects of shared resources on mesopredator spatial distribution, we recorded the occurrence of tawny owls Strix aluco in forests and their prey, the little owl Athene noctua in adjacent open areas over 2 yr across 687 km 2 in Southern Germany. We developed a new, asymmetrical dynamic two-species occupancy model investigating spatial interactions while accounting for imperfect detection. Little owl occupancy was strongly reduced within 150 m of forests, but only in the presence of tawny owls. Analysis of over 30 000 telemetry locations of 275 little owls showed that little owls strongly avoided areas closer than 150 m from the forest during range use. These results suggest that the negative edge effect is due to forest edge avoidance rather than direct predation. Potential confounding mechanisms such as food depletion or habitat avoidance at forest edges can be ruled out. Thus, top-down effects caused by avoidance of intraguild top predators shape the spatial distribution of mesopredators such as the little owl. While habitat complexity mitigates multitrophic interactions within habitats, it is expected to reinforce multitrophic interactions between habitats, potentially leading to the suppression of mesopredators from suitable habitats.

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Predation risk increases dispersal distance in prey

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Within‐patch oviposition site shifts by spider mites in response to prior predation risks decrease predator patch exploitation

Within‐patch oviposition site shifts by spider mites in response to prior predation risks decrease predator patch exploitation

Conquerors or exiles? Impact of interference competition among invasive Ponto-Caspian gammarideans on their dispersal rates

Intraguild predator drives forest edge avoidance of a mesopredator

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