Predation's Role in Repeated Phenotypic and Genetic Divergence of Armor in Threespine Stickleback

Marchinko, Kerry B.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00529.x

Cited by 139 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(132 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

158

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Eda genotype frequencies changed strongly but irregularly through two generations in experimental populations (Barrett et al 2008), but in a lake population founded by oceanic stickleback, the frequency of low morphs (and presumably Eda L alleles) increased rapidly among each of several consecutive generations, reaching 75% within about ten generations (Bell et al 2004; see also Francis et al 1985;Klepaker 1993;Vamosi 2006). Reimchen (2000) presented evidence that low-plated stickleback are more likely than complete morphs to avoid capture by predatory fishes in fresh water, and Marchinko (2009) presented evidence that low morphs experience lower rates of insect predation. Marchinko and Schluter (2007) also found that low morphs grow much faster in fresh water than completes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rare Eda C alleles in the generally low-plated resident Mud Lake population should nearly all be Eda L /Eda C heterozygotes, which would be recognizable as complete or partial morphs. Although they should have reduced fitness in freshwater (Reimchen 2000;Marchinko and Schluter 2007;Barrett et al 2009a;Marchinko 2009), they might still be present among adult and larger juvenile fish, in which they can be reliably scored (Bell 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frequency of Ectodysplasin alleles and limited introgression between sympatric threespine stickleback populations

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is primitively an anadromous or resident marine species but has repeatedly colonized fresh water, where predictable phenotypic divergence usually occurs rapidly. A conspicuous element of this divergence is change of the number and position of lateral armor plates from about 33 that cover the entire flank (complete) to <10 anterior plates (low). This difference is caused primarily by variation at the Ectodysplasin (Eda) locus. The low Eda allele appears to be rarer in two geographically adjacent anadromous populations from Cook Inlet, Alaska than in most marine or anadromous populations reported from elsewhere, and there is no evidence of elevated gene flow for Eda between anadromous and resident lake threespine stickleback populations that breed in sympatry. However, the two anadromous populations are divergent for the frequencies of two complete Eda alleles. It is not clear how monomorphic low-plated freshwater populations in Cook Inlet have almost invariably acquired ancestral low Eda alleles from anadromous ancestors in which this allele appears to be extremely rare.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Ectodysplasin alleles and limited introgression between sympatric threespine stickleback populations

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The phenotype axis is scaled differently in the two panels but is otherwise comparable chances of survival after escape) (Reimchen 1992(Reimchen , 2000. However, armor is costly to produce (Marchinko and Schluter 2007;Barrett et al 2009) and might even be a liability inshore where insects are the main killers, possibly by making stickleback easier to grasp (Reimchen 1980;Marchinko 2009). Life history differences may also represent adaptations to contrasting mortality factors.…”

Section: Wider Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Competition and Coevolution in Sticklebacks

Schluter¹

2010

Evo Edu Outreach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Threespine stickleback in young postglacial lakes provide a compelling example of coevolution between species that compete for resources. Coexisting pairs of stickleback species are highly divergent in habitat, diet, and body size and shape, whereas stickleback occurring alone in lakes are intermediate. We used experiments in ponds to test mechanisms of divergence between coexisting species. The results support the hypothesis of coevolution by resource competition between stickleback, but we found evidence that interactions with natural enemies also contribute to divergence. Natural selection arising from these interactions selects against intermediate phenotypes, included hybrids, and thus has contributed to the origin and persistence of stickleback species.

show abstract

“…Sticklebacks show considerable morphological and behavioural variation both within and between populations. Populations facing high levels of predation differ from predator-free populations in morphology (Bell and Foster 1994;Marchinko 2009). Differences in morphology are shown to have arisen by selective predation on more vulnerable phenotypes (e.g., Reimchen 1980Reimchen , 2000, and are thus reflecting genetic differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costly plastic morphological responses to predator specific odour cues in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predation risk is one of the major forces affecting phenotypic variation among and within animal populations. While fixed anti-predator morphologies are favoured when predation level is consistently high, plastic morphological responses are advantageous when predation risk is changing temporarily, spatially, or qualitatively. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are well known for their substantial variability in morphology, including defensive traits. Part of this variation might be due to phenotypic plasticity. However, little is known about sticklebacks' plastic ability to react morphologically to changing risks of predation and about the proximate cues involved. Using a split-clutch design we show that odour of a predatory fish induces morphological changes in sticklebacks. Under predation risk, i.e., when exposed to odour of a predator, fish grew faster and developed a different morphology, compared to fish reared under low predation risk, i.e., exposed to odour of a non-predatory fish, or in a fish-free environment. However, fast growing comes at cost of increased body asymmetries suggesting developmental constraints. The results indicate that sticklebacks are able to distinguish between predatory and non-predatory fishes by olfactory cues alone. As fishes were fed on invertebrates, this reaction was not induced by chemical cues of digested conspecifics, but rather by predator cues themselves. Further, the results show that variation in body morphology in sticklebacks has not only a strong genetical component, but is also based on plastic responses to 123Evol Ecol (2011) 25:641-656 DOI 10.1007 different environments, in our case different predation pressures, thus opening new questions for this model species in ecology and evolution.

show abstract

Predation's Role in Repeated Phenotypic and Genetic Divergence of Armor in Threespine Stickleback

Cited by 139 publications

References 72 publications

Frequency of Ectodysplasin alleles and limited introgression between sympatric threespine stickleback populations

Frequency of Ectodysplasin alleles and limited introgression between sympatric threespine stickleback populations

Resource Competition and Coevolution in Sticklebacks

Costly plastic morphological responses to predator specific odour cues in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About