Predator‐prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment

Sergeant, Christopher J.; Armstrong, Jonathan B.; Ward, Eric J.

doi:10.1111/fwb.12524

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Their presence in riparian zones can have a large impact on the dynamics of riparian trophic systems and modify riparian ecosystem structure and functioning [84][85][86]. The migrating animals usually evolve to track seasonal variation of available prey such as migration salmons [87]. Many terrestrial mammal consumers (e.g.…”

Section: Impacts Of Aquatic Resource Subsidies On Specific Terrestriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Xiang¹,

Zhang²,

Richardson³

2017

Riparian Ecology and Conservation

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Riparian zone provides a variety of resources to organisms, including availability of water and subsidies. Water availability in riparian areas influences species distribution and trophic interaction of terrestrial food webs. Cross-ecosystem subsidies as resource flux of additional energy, nutrients, and materials benefit riparian populations and communities (e.g. plants, spiders, lizards, birds and mammals). However, aquatic ecosystems and riparian zones are prone to anthropogenic disturbances, which change water availability and affect the flux dynamics of cross-system subsidies. Yet, we still lack sufficient empirical studies assessing impacts of disturbances of land use, climate change and invasive species individually and interactively on aquatic and riparian ecosystems through influencing subsidy resource availability. In filling this knowledge gap, we can make more effective efforts to protect and conserve riparian habitats and biodiversity, and maintain riparian ecosystem functioning and services.

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Section: Impacts Of Aquatic Resource Subsidies On Specific Terrestriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Xiang¹,

Zhang²,

Richardson³

2017

Riparian Ecology and Conservation

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“…During both the Sockeye Salmon spawning and smolt out-migration events, Bull Trout use was increased in the outlet and river where spawning is concentrated and smolts are funneled into high densities. Aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial consumers exhibit seasonal movements to salmon spawning grounds to exploit the resource pulse Schindler et al 2013;Sergeant et al 2014), and the energy derived from exploitation can be a critical component of the annual energy budget (Denton et al 2009;Armstrong and Bond 2013). However, our results potentially provide a rare example of a consumer exhibiting seasonal movement to exploit multiple life history stages of a salmonid, including the smolt out-migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Consumers have adaptations that maximize the exploitation of resource pulses, and examples in fish include the maintenance of excess digestive capacity (Armstrong and Schindler 2011), seasonal flexibility in digestive capacity (Armstrong and Bond 2013), and the ability to binge-feed (Furey et al 2016b). Behavioral adaptations include movements at broad scales to track resource pulses in space and time (Sergeant et al 2014;Deacy et al 2016) and at fine scales to exploit spatial variability in temperature to increase digestion rates . Such associations between resource pulses and consumer movements, however, remain rare.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, Pacific salmon life history is characterized by strictly timed migrations and reproduction that result in resource pulses. In semelparous species, the spawning of adult salmon provides both nutrient-rich eggs and spawnedout carcasses, which are exploited by resident fishes (Scheuerell et al 2007;Sergeant et al 2014;Lowery and Beauchamp 2015) as well as other taxa including bears and gulls (Gende et al 2002;Schindler et al 2013;Deacy et al 2016). Consumer use of and behavior towards the downstream migrations of juvenile smolts as resource pulses, however, are less studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bull Trout Movements Match the Life History of Sockeye Salmon: Consumers Can Exploit Seasonally Distinct Resource Pulses

Furey

Hinch

2017

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Resource pulses provide consumers with opportunities to feed at high rates. The spawning and die-off of semelparous Pacific salmon provide consumers with feeding opportunities that contribute substantially to annual energy budgets. The life history of Pacific salmon also includes the downstream migration of smolts, which could provide similar opportunities for consumers to exploit. We tracked seasonal movements of adult Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus in and out of the Chilko Lake-River outlet in interior British Columbia, which is characterized by a large Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka population. Use of the outlet, lake, and river habitats were compared with the timing of out-migrations of Sockeye Salmon smolt and the spawning events of Sockeye Salmon, Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, and Coho Salmon O. kisutch. Bull Trout activity and residency in the outlet increased during the spring Sockeye Salmon smolt out-migration, and 40% of Bull Trout were found to return to the outlet in successive years. During Sockeye Salmon spawning, Bull Trout residency was increased in the river where most Sockeye Salmon spawning occurs. Therefore, Bull Trout may exploit both life history events, although direct consumption of eggs was not observed. Spawning by Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon in the river did not appear to attract Bull Trout; Bull Trout residency increased in the lake (where spawning does not occur) during these times. Bull Trout residency in the lake also increased when outlet water temperatures were >16°C, and thus the lake may provide thermal refuge when river temperatures are above optima for this coldwater char. This research demonstrates that movements of aquatic consumers can depend upon smolt out-migrations, and such movements can allow exploitation of multiple pulses that are seasonally distinct. These results also highlight the ecological significance of Pacific salmon for consumers in freshwater systems.

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“…Future studies including measurement of prey abundance may be revealing of ecosystem-level interactions among predators and other constituents of the regions they occupy. One of the major challenges in projecting the climate response of a predatory species is unknowns surrounding respective spatial shifts in predator− prey distribution (Winder & Schindler 2004); namely, will there be changes in overlap (Hunsicker et al 2013), or will predators remain synchronized with their prey species (Sergeant et al 2014). Given the role of wind and visibility in the GLMs, we recommend further study exploring how local meteorology may impact spatio temporal patterns of predator and prey abundance, and predation behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of long-term climate variability and predation rates by a marine apex predator, the white shark Carcharodon carcharias

Skubel

Kirtman²,

Fallows

et al. 2018

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Understanding potential responses of aquatic animals to climate variability is important, given the wide-ranging implications of current and future climatic change scenarios. Here, we used long-term data from natural predator−prey interactions between white sharks Carcharodon carcharias and Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus in False Bay, South Africa, paired with environmental monitoring to examine potential relationships between temperature variability and shark predation rates on seals. Based on generalized linear modelling of a dataset of 941 shark attacks on seals collected over 15 years (1999−2013) during the austral winter (May−September) season, we found water temperature was included as a significant predictor of daily and monthly variability in predation rates. However, the signal of temporal variability over the season emerged as a more predominant predictor. Moreover, inter-annual variability in predation rate appeared linked to other environmental factors (wind, water visibility, and the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña events) rather than water temperature. These data suggest that water temperatures on an intra-annual scale might contribute to predation patterns in white sharks either directly or indirectly (e.g. due to associated changes in prey availability), but do not implicate water temperature as a primary driver in this scenario, or at an interannual scale. It is possible that (1) the metabolic demand of white sharks may be modulated against temperature variability by their partially endothermic nature, and (2) the predation patterns of white sharks on seals are the result of a complex interplay between ambient physical conditions and broader oceanographic, biological, and ecological factors.KEY WORDS: Predator ecology · Climate variation · El Niño · Shark · Seal · Temperature Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Editorial responsibility: Alistair Hobday,

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Predator‐prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Bull Trout Movements Match the Life History of Sockeye Salmon: Consumers Can Exploit Seasonally Distinct Resource Pulses

Patterns of long-term climate variability and predation rates by a marine apex predator, the white shark Carcharodon carcharias

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