Predictability and possible mechanisms of plankton response to reduction of planktivorous fish

Lyche, A.; Faafeng, B.; Brabrand, Åge

doi:10.1007/bf02530344

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…When algal and zooplankton biomass are plotted without regard to fish densities, the data show the same relationship as in the survey studies described above. However, with a few notable exceptions, increases in fish populations within lakes tend (15,16,25,37,47,71,84,98,120,132,138,150,151,161,168,162,170 to alter trophic structure by decreasing herbivore abundances and increasing plants (i.e. a trophic cascade).…”

Section: Incongruences Between Experimental Results and Correlationalmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Species Turnover and the Regulation of Trophic Structure

Leibold

Chase

Shurin

et al. 1997

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

321

384

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Trophic structure, the partitioning of biomass among trophic levels, is a major characteristic of ecosystems. Most studies of the forces that shape trophic structure emphasize either "bottom-up" or "top-down" regulation of populations and communities. Recent work has shown that these two forces are not mutually exclusive alternatives, but efforts to model their interaction still often yield unrealistic predictions. We focus on the problems involved with modeling situations in which community composition, including both the number of trophic levels and the species composition within a trophic level, can change. We review the development of these ideas, emphasizing in particular how compositional change can alter theoretical expectations about the regulation of trophic structure. A comparison of studies on the effects of predators and resource productivity in limnetic ecosystems reveals an intriguing disparity between the results of manipulative experiments and those of correlational studies. We suggest that this contrast is a result of the difference in the temporal scales operating in the two types of studies. Ecosystem-level variables may appear to approach an equilibrium in short-term press experiments; however, processes such as invasion and extinction of species will not have time to play out in most such experiments. We found that the responses of ecosystems to short-term experimental treatments involve less change in species composition than is found in natural communities that have diverged in response to local conditions over longer periods. We argue that the results of short-term experiments support the predictions of models in which 467 0066-4162/97/1120-0467$08.00 Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1997.28:467-494. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Utah -Marriot Library on 12/03/14. For personal use only. 468LEIBOLD ET AL the species pool does not change, whereas correlational studies among systems support theories that incorporate compositional change.

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Section: Incongruences Between Experimental Results and Correlationalmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most data are consistent with a trophic cascade (in the lower right quadrat), but some cases also show simultaneous increases or decreases in both. Data are from References (15,16,25,26,37,47,71,73,84,98,120,132,138,150,151,161,162,168,170).…”

Section: Incongruences Between Experimental Results and Correlationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Turnover and the Regulation of Trophic Structure

Leibold

Chase

Shurin

et al. 1997

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

321

384

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“…From the lakes undergoing biomanipulation (see e.g. Lyche et al, 1990;and other references in Gulati et al, 1990) it is clear that with a decrease in the standing crop of planktivorous fish, the share of larger grazers in zooplankton generally rises and remains high. An intriguing factor also in the Lake Loosdrecht is the virtual extinction since 1989 ofD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics and role of limnetic zooplankton in Loosdrecht lakes (The Netherlands)

Gulati¹,

Ooms-Wilms²,

Tongeren³

et al. 1992

Hydrobiologia

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The paper summarizes the results of a ten-year (1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991) zooplankton research on the Lake Loosdrecht, a highly eutrophic lake. The main cause of the lake's eutrophication and deteriorating water quality was supply up to mid 1984 of water from the River Vecht. This supply was replaced by dephosphorized water from the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal in 1984. The effects of this and other restoration measures on the lake's ecosystem were studied. Despite a reduction in the external P-load from ca. 1.0 g P me2 y-l to ca. 0.35 g rnp2 y-l now, the filamentous prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria and Prochlorothrix, continue to dominate the phytoplankton.Among the crustacean plankton Bosmina spp, Chydorus sp. and three species of cyclopoid copepods and their nauplii are quite common. Though there was no major change in the composition of abundant species, Daphnia cucullata, which is the only daphnid in these lakes, became virtually extinct since 1989. Among about 20 genera and 40 species of rotifers the important ones are: Anuraeopsis j?ssa, Keratella cochlearis, Filinia longiseta and PoZyarthra. The rotifers usually peak in mid-summer following the crustacean peak in spring. The mean annual densities of crustaceans decreased during 1988-1991. Whereas seston (< 150 pm) mean mass in the lake increased since 1983 by 20-60%, zooplankton (> 150 pm) mass decreased by 15-35x.The grazing by crustacean community, which was attributable mainly to Bosmina, had mean rates between 10 and 25% d-'. Between 42 and 47% of the food ingested was assimilated. In spring and early summer when both rotifers and crustaceans have their maximal densities the clearance rates of the rotifers were much higher. Based on C/P ratios, the zooplankton (> 150 pm) mass contained 2.5 times more phosphorus than seston (< 150 pm) mass so that the zooplankton comprised 12.5 y0 of the total-P in total particulate matter in the open water, compared with only 4.5% of the total particulate C. The mean excretion rates of P by zooplankton varied narrowly between 1.5 and 1.8 pg P l-' d -', which equalled between 14 and 28% d-' of the P needed for phytoplankton production. The lack of response to restoration measures cannot be ascribed to one single factor. Apparently, the external P-loading is still not low enough and internal P-loading, though low, may be still high enough to sustain high seston levels. Intensive predation by bream is perhaps more important than food quality (high concentrations of filamentous cyanobacteria) in depressing the development of large-bodied zooplankton grazers, e.g. Daphnia. This may also contribute to resistance of the lake's ecosystem to respond to rehabilitation measures. 70

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“…Biomanipulation or ecosystem intervention has been widely used to control phytoplankton abundance and composition (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The so-called "top down" approach introduces piscivorous fish into ponds and lakes to reduce predation pressure on zooplankton grazers, and thus increase the predation of phytoplankton (22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Effectiveness of a Pilot Scale Bioreactor for Removing Microcystis in an Outdoor Pond System

Itayama

Iwami

Koike

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A pilot scale fluidized bed bioreactor to control the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, was tested in an outdoor experimental pond system (28 m3) over a 57 day period. The pond system was inoculated with a wild bloom of Microcystis, and the bioreactor was preinoculated with an oligochaete, Aeolosoma hemprichi, which is known to prey on colonial Microcystis. This and other Microcystis predators such as the rotifer, Philodina erythrophthalma were observed to colonize the bioreactor during the experiment. The bioreactor performance in removing Microcystis was estimated using a mathematical model and a multiple regression analysis of the chlorophyll-a concentration, which was a satisfactory surrogate for the Microcystis cell density in the ponds. The estimated specific decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration due to bioreactor treatment was 0.04 day-1, which was equal to the net removal of 4.3 x 10(11) Microcystis cells day(-1) from the treated pond.

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Predictability and possible mechanisms of plankton response to reduction of planktivorous fish

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Species Turnover and the Regulation of Trophic Structure

Species Turnover and the Regulation of Trophic Structure

The dynamics and role of limnetic zooplankton in Loosdrecht lakes (The Netherlands)

Measuring the Effectiveness of a Pilot Scale Bioreactor for Removing Microcystis in an Outdoor Pond System

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