Predicted and measured concentrations for selected pharmaceuticals in UK rivers: Implications for risk assessment

Bound, Jonathan P.; Voulvoulis, Nikolaos

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.036

Cited by 177 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It has been found with a concentration of up to 6 μgL −1 in European sewage effluents (Ternes 1998), up to 10 μgL −1 in US natural waters (Kolpin et al 2002), and more than 65 μgL −1 in Tyne River in the UK (Robert and Thomas 2006 Kolpin et al (2002) detected acetaminophen in roughly 25 % of the samples tested at a median concentration of 0.11 μgL −1 . The median concentration of paracetamol detected in surface waters is 0.055±0.051 μgL −1 (Wiegel et al 2004;Bound and Voulvoulis 2006;Gros et al 2006). In raw wastewater, paracetamol was detected at a median concentration of 48±75 μgL −1 (Han et al 2006;Gomez et al 2007).…”

Section: Paracetamol In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition, in-depth characterization of genes and enzyme systems involved in the utilization of paracetamol has led to an improved understanding of microbial paracetamol metabolism. A large number of (Kolpin et al 2002) (Gros et al 2006) 0.007-0.066 (Wiegel et al 2004) 6 (Ternes 1998) 0.048-0.418 (Radjenovic et al 2007) 10 ( Kolpin et al 2002) 0.079-0.22 (Bound and Voulvoulis 2006) microorganisms belonging to the phyla of eubacteria, yeast, and fungi and also some algae capable of using paracetamol as carbon and energy source have been described. A listing of isolated bacterial strains characterized for the degradation of those paracetamols is presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Biodegradation Of Paracetamol By Pure Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Paracetamol in the environment and its degradation by microorganisms

Zhang

Chen

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

245

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Paracetamol (4′-hydroxyacetanilide, N-acetyl-paminophenol, acetaminophen, and paracetamol) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Paracetamol and structural analogs are ubiquitous in the natural environment and easily accumulate in aquatic environment, which have been detected in surface waters, wastewater, and drinking water throughout the world. Paracetamol wastewater is mainly treated by chemical oxidation processes. Although these chemical methods may be available for treating these pollutants, the harsh reaction conditions, the generation of secondary pollutants, and the high operational cost associated with these methods have often made them not a desirable choice. Biodegradation of paracetamol is being considered as an environmentally friendly and low-cost option. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the current knowledge of biodegradation of paracetamol in the occurrence, degrading bacteria, and proposed metabolic/ biodegrading pathways, enzymes and possible intermediates. The comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the utilization of paracetamol means will be helpful for optimizing and allowing rational design of biodegradation systems for paracetamol-contaminated wastewater.

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Section: Paracetamol In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Biodegradation Of Paracetamol By Pure Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Paracetamol in the environment and its degradation by microorganisms

Zhang

Chen

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

245

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“…This approach can also be used to assess existing compounds. Bound and Voulvoulis (2006) used the proportion of the population being treated, the dosage, the amount of wastewater generated per day and an estimate of dilution to identify candidate compounds for a study of pharmaceuticals in UK rivers. Stuer-Lauridsen et al (2000) calculated the PEC using the amount of compound used divided into the amount of wastewater generated both per capita diluted into the environment using a default value of 10, and estimating K ow and DT 50 from literature values.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

673

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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“…However, predictions based on annual sales of drugs are likely to underestimate the loads of PhACs in the influents of WWTPs. As shown by Bound & Voulvoulis (2006), the accuracy of predicted environmental concentrations is hindered by a shortage of data, both relating to over-thecounter (OTC) sales of drugs and their fate in WWTPs. In their study, the measured environmental concentrations were considerably higher than predicted, suggesting that the areas sampled deviated from the model proposed by the EMEA (2005).…”

Section: Sources and Levels Of Pharmaceuticals And Illicit Drugs In Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in conventional and membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plants and by riverbank filtration

Petrović

Alda

Díaz-Cruz

et al. 2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

153

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Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and drugs of abuse (DAs) are two important groups of emerging environmental contaminants that have raised an increasing interest in the scientific community. A number of studies revealed their presence in the environment. This is mainly due to the fact that some compounds are not efficiently removed during wastewater treatment processes, being able to reach surface and groundwater and subsequently, drinking waters. This paper reviews the data regarding the levels of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs detected in wastewaters and gives an overview of their removal by conventional treatment technologies (applying activated sludge) as well as advanced treatments such as membrane bioreactor. The paper also gives an overview of bank filtration practices at managed aquifer recharge sites and discusses the potential of this approach to mitigate the contamination by PhACs and DAs.

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Predicted and measured concentrations for selected pharmaceuticals in UK rivers: Implications for risk assessment

Cited by 177 publications

References 24 publications

Paracetamol in the environment and its degradation by microorganisms

Paracetamol in the environment and its degradation by microorganisms

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in conventional and membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plants and by riverbank filtration

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