Predicted Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and Perfluorocarbon (PFC) Emissions for the Years 2010–2050 in the Czech Republic

Abstract

Hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons (F-gases) play a substantial role in global warming via the greenhouse effect and thus have been under increased investigation recently. EU member states, including the Czech Republic, already have measures limiting F-gas use based on their GWP such as EU regulation No. 517/2014. This manuscript explains the current status of F-gas emissions and describes a methodology of their estimation for the years 2010 to 2050. The computational method is based on the IPCC 2006 Guidelines. Currently available data, distribution of F-gases and active policies are crucial parameters for standard greenhouse gas emission estimates as well as for long-term projections. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the regulations implemented and provides a prediction scenario for how F-gas emissions will develop. According to these projections, a total F-gas emission decline is expected in the Czech Republic. For F-gas applications in refrigeration and air-conditioning, the predicted downward trend is more significant compared to the other F-gas application sectors, as they are currently some of the biggest contributors in the actual state of emissions.

Recovery of Fluorinated Refrigerants from Decommissioned RAC Equipment in Germany—Implications for National Emission Reporting under the UNFCCC

“…Just like the German model, the Czech model follows the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and uses the Tier 2a emission-factor approach to model emissions of F-gases [28]. More recent publications describing the model reported slight changes to the assumed emission factors for the different RAC sectors, while the assumed lifetimes of equipment did not change [29,30]. 2(II)B-Hs2 for Germany [8] and corresponding data reported in the VDKF-LEC dataset disaggregated by individual HFCs.…”

“…Comparison of average recovery rates relative to the initial charge of F-gases (η rec,d × p) and average operating years of equipment (d) in the VDKF-LEC dataset (averages over the years 2017-2021), the German F-gas model (assumptions for 2020), the Czech Phoenix model (assumptions since 2018)[28,29], and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines[7] on a sector level.…”

Characterization of SiO2 Plasma Etching with Perfluorocarbon (C4F8 and C6F6) and Hydrofluorocarbon (CHF3 and C4H2F6) Precursors for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction

“…However, the utilization of the PFC and HFC precursors is subject to strict regulations due to their significant greenhouse effect [ 16 , 17 ]. Global warming potential (GWP) is a metric used to quantify the relative warming impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the Earth’s climate system over a specified time horizon, typically, 20, 100, or 500 years, relatively to that of CO 2 [ 18 ].…”

A Survey on Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Taiwan: Emission Trends, Regulatory Strategies, and Abatement Technologies

“…Naturally, the major GHGs include water vapor (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and ozone (O 3 ) [1]. Although chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer [2], the significant emissions of these synthetically chemical alternatives, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ), have been observed since the 1990s to be consistent with the enhancement of global warming or greenhouse effect due to their radioactively active features with the high global warming potential (GWP) [3][4][5][6]. More importantly, the temperature rise of 1.5 • C on earth could negatively affect the climate system and ecosystem, causing extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising sea levels, and increased disease/epidemic risks [7].…”